Cassiodorus→Senate of City of Rome|c. 522 AD|Cassiodorus
barbarian invasion
VARIAE, BOOK 8, LETTER 10
From: King Athalaric, writing through Cassiodorus
To: The Senate of the City of Rome
Date: ~526-534 AD
Context: A lengthy letter announcing that the Gothic general Tuluin has been admitted to the senatorial order — a deliberate act of Gothic-Roman integration.
[1] You have cause, Senators, to give thanks to a glorious ruler, since the distinguished Tuluin — resplendent in our own kinship — has been granted the honor of your order. This was done not to diminish the Senate's dignity but to enrich it, for a body that welcomes proven merit from every quarter grows stronger with each addition. The greatest families in Rome itself were once newcomers; what matters is not where a man began, but what he has become.
[2] Tuluin's record speaks for itself. In war, he has defended the frontiers with distinction. In peace, he has administered justice with the fairness that Romans themselves would recognize and respect. He is not a stranger to your traditions — he has studied them, honored them, and in many cases enforced them. That he does so while also embodying the martial virtues of the Gothic people makes him not a contradiction but a fulfillment of what this kingdom aspires to be.
[3] We ask you to receive him with the honor his merits deserve, not merely as a concession to royal will, but as an acknowledgment that the Gothic and Roman traditions, far from being incompatible, are capable of producing something greater together than either could achieve alone. This is the vision of our grandfather Theoderic of blessed memory, and it is the vision we intend to uphold.
[4] Let no one whisper that the Senate is being diluted by barbarian appointments. The real dilution would be to close the doors to proven virtue and keep them open only to inherited privilege. A Senate that admits only the descendants of senators will eventually admit only the descendants of mediocrities. We prefer a Senate that recognizes excellence wherever it arises.
X.
SENATUI URBIS ROMAE ATHALARICUS REX.
[1] Habetis, patres conscripti, unde glorioso principi gratiam referre debeatis, quando praecelso viro Toluin et nostra affinitate fulgenti vestri ordinis contulimus dignitatem. auctus est enim pacis genius de ferri radiantis ornatu nec discincta iacet toga iam procinctualis effecta. ante vobis contulimus honores, sed nunc ipsam ereximus dignitatem. per omnes est nimirum splendor refusus, quem praesens potest habere patricius: quando illa est natura purissimi luminis, quae relucet et proximis. [2] Sed quamvis sit vobis notissimus candidatus, qui domni avi nostri tam claris ac diuturnis adhaesit obsequiis, tamen iuvat illa repetere, quae constat ad institutoris eius gloriam pertinere. [3] Primum, quod inter nationes eximium est, Gothorum nobilissima stirpe gloriatur. qui mox inter parentes infantiam reliquit, statim rudes annos ad sacri cubiculi secreta portavit, agens non ut aetas, sed ut locus potius expetebat. nam licet omnia regum obsequia sub cautela peragenda sint, illic tanto amplius timoris adquiritur, quanto proximus plus habetur. arduum nimis est meruisse principis secretum, ubi si quid cognoscitur prodi, vel ab alio formidatur. has procellas moderator sui sine offensione transmisit, carus summatibus, collegis semper acceptus, ut iam tunc magnae felicitatis videretur esse praesagium gratiam meruisse cunctorum. [4] Cuius ut coepit aetas adulescere tenerique anni in robustam gentis audaciam condurari, ad expeditionem directus est Sirmensem: ut quod ab illo Martio viro verbis didicerat, in camporum libertate monstraret. egit de Hunnis inter alios triumphum et emeritam laudem primis congressibus auspicatus neci dedit Bulgares toto orbe terribiles. tales mittunt nostra cunabula bellatores: sic paratae sunt manus, ubi exercetur animus. nutritus in otioso servitio laboriosos subegit et quod exercitatione non didicit, virtus prona complevit. [5] Rediit subito ad principem veteranus egressus primaevus, ut non pacatis obsequiis, sed armis semper studuisse crederetur. hoc rimator ille actuum et bonorum remunerator inspiciens vigorem illi regiae domus virtutis contemplatione commisit, ut quem ingeniosum bella probaverant, fortissimi regis consiliis misceretur, ad invenienda subtilis, ad implenda robustus, ad celanda cautissimus. egit locum merito publici secreti: cum ipso proelia, cum ipso negotiorum aequabilia disponebat et in tantam se similitudinem eius cogitationis adiunxerat, ut causis recognitis, quod ille velle poterat, iste sua sponte peragebat. defensorem omnium suis tractatibus adiuvabat et ministrando consilium regebat ipse rectorem. [6] Ammonet etiam expeditio Gallicana, ubi iam inter duces directus et prudentiam suam bellis et pericula promptissimus ingerebat. Arelatus est civitas supra undas Rhodani constituta, quae in orientis prospectum tabulatum pontem per nuncupati fluminis dorsa transmittit. hunc et hostibus capere et nostris defendere necessarium fuit. quapropter excitata sunt Gothorum Francorumque validissima ea tempestate certamina. [7] Affuit illic dubiis rebus audacia candidati, ubi tanta cum globis hostium concertatione pugnavit, ut et inimicos a suis desideriis amoveret et vulnera factorum suorum signa susciperet: vulnera inquam, opinio inseparabilis, sine assertore praeconium, propria lingua virtutis, quae licet ad praesens periculum ingerant, reliquum tamen vitae tempus exornant. eget enim astipulatoribus corpus illaesum, quaerit alios, qui visa divulgent: de fortitudine probata non ambigitur, quae tali testimonio comprobatur. conflictus virorum fortium mutua tela refluit nec semper tutus fuit, qui cum numeroso hoste contendit. unius forsitan ictus sollerter eluditur: qui multis resistit, a parte qua non credidit vulnus excipit: quae in tantum nunc sunt gloriosa, quantum tunc habuere pericula. iuvat igitur fortissimi viri narrare quietum felicitatis exemplum, quia non est in duce perfecta laus asserere semper anxios labores. [8] Mittitur igitur, Franco et Burgundio decertantibus, rursus ad Gallias tuendas, ne quid adversa manus praesumeret, quod noster exercitus impensis laboribus vindicasset. adquisivit rei publicae Romanae aliis contendentibus absque ulla fatigatione provinciam et factum est quietum commodum nostrum, ubi non habuimus bellica contentione periculum: triumphus sine pugna, sine labore palma, sine caede victoria. tantum ergo eius gloriae debemus, quantum utilitatis accepimus: quem et ille arbiter rerum largitione redituum iudicavit esse prosequendum, ut ibi fieret dominus possessionum, ubi utilitati publicae procuravit augmentum. [9] Aquileiensem quoque tempestatem inter eius prospera iure memoramus, quia discrimina, dum feliciter cedunt, suavissimae memoriae sensum relinquunt. cum ventis saevientibus furentem pelagum spuma testaretur undarum, diu iactatum navigium tumens fluctus absorbuit, nullum relinquens forti viro solacium nisi tantum remigia brachiorum. tunc iste nautis pereuntibus cum caro pignore solus evasit. [10] Ibi amor piissimi regis, ibi meritum probatum est periclitantis, quando regnator ille vix litori constitutus, ut eum exitio praevaleret eripere, undas iterum desiderabat intrare. tunc eius pericula formidavit, qui saluti propriae timere nescivit. [11] Nonno vobis, patres conscripti, asperis casibus divinitus videtur exemptus, cui praesens parabatur eventus? hunc itaque virum bellis exercitatum, felicitate clarum, prudentia comprobatum, quod deo auspice dictum sit, ad patriciatus praesentalis culmen eveximus. favete nunc auspiciis candidati et viris nostris Libertatis atria reserate. convenit gentem Romuleam Martios viros habere collegas.
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VARIAE, BOOK 8, LETTER 10
From: King Athalaric, writing through Cassiodorus To: The Senate of the City of Rome Date: ~526-534 AD Context: A lengthy letter announcing that the Gothic general Tuluin has been admitted to the senatorial order — a deliberate act of Gothic-Roman integration.
[1] You have cause, Senators, to give thanks to a glorious ruler, since the distinguished Tuluin — resplendent in our own kinship — has been granted the honor of your order. This was done not to diminish the Senate's dignity but to enrich it, for a body that welcomes proven merit from every quarter grows stronger with each addition. The greatest families in Rome itself were once newcomers; what matters is not where a man began, but what he has become.
[2] Tuluin's record speaks for itself. In war, he has defended the frontiers with distinction. In peace, he has administered justice with the fairness that Romans themselves would recognize and respect. He is not a stranger to your traditions — he has studied them, honored them, and in many cases enforced them. That he does so while also embodying the martial virtues of the Gothic people makes him not a contradiction but a fulfillment of what this kingdom aspires to be.
[3] We ask you to receive him with the honor his merits deserve, not merely as a concession to royal will, but as an acknowledgment that the Gothic and Roman traditions, far from being incompatible, are capable of producing something greater together than either could achieve alone. This is the vision of our grandfather Theoderic of blessed memory, and it is the vision we intend to uphold.
[4] Let no one whisper that the Senate is being diluted by barbarian appointments. The real dilution would be to close the doors to proven virtue and keep them open only to inherited privilege. A Senate that admits only the descendants of senators will eventually admit only the descendants of mediocrities. We prefer a Senate that recognizes excellence wherever it arises.
Modern English rendering for readability. See the 19th-century translation or original Latin/Greek for scholarly use.