Letter 215

Isidore of PelusiumUnknown|isidore pelusium
From: Isidore of Pelusium, monk at Pelusium
To: Peter
Date: ~410 AD
Context: Isidore explains the "coals of fire" image from Romans 12:20 — arguing that repaying evil with good is not merely a spiritual strategy but the deepest form of victory.

On "heap burning coals on his head" [Romans 12:20]: repaying evil with good is not merely a clever strategy for converting enemies — though it does sometimes accomplish that. It is the highest form of victory available to a human being.

The person who returns evil for evil has descended to the level of his opponent. He has been changed by the encounter in exactly the way his opponent intended to change him. But the person who returns good for evil has refused to be changed. He has maintained his own shape in the face of pressure to deform it.

The coals are not revenge administered through niceness. They are the overwhelming evidence of a different way of being — and that evidence, sometimes, is genuinely combustible.

Modern English rendering for readability. See the 19th-century translation or original Latin/Greek for scholarly use.