From: Pope Symmachus, Bishop of Rome
To: Avitus, Bishop of Vienne
Date: ~501 AD
Context: Symmachus writes to Avitus of Vienne during the Laurentian Schism — the contested papal election that divided Rome for years.
Symmachus, bishop, to the most holy brother Avitus.
You will have heard various accounts of what has been happening in Rome, and I want to give you the account that is accurate rather than the account that serves anyone's faction.
The election that made me bishop of Rome was conducted according to the canons. The election that made Laurentius bishop of Rome was not — or rather, it was a second election conducted by those who were dissatisfied with the first, which is not a canonical second election but a schism. The king [Theoderic] has recognized my election as the legitimate one. The Laurentian party has not accepted this, and the disorders in the city continue.
I write to you because Avitus of Vienne is a man of genuine integrity and because the Gallic bishops have a role to play in the resolution of this crisis. Their recognition of the legitimate bishop of Rome matters; their refusal to recognize a schismatic claimant matters equally. I am asking for what I believe is simply just: that the canons be applied consistently, that the canonical election be recognized, and that the schism be treated as what it is.
In the peace of God,
Symmachus
a. 501 d. Sf mmaclii papac ad Ayituni episcopum Yiennensein.
Citr inaudUam causam ipsius judicare noiuerily quodque leges sint aliguando soiifendae. p.
Dilectissimo fratri Avito Symmachus.
Non debuit caritatem tuam oflfendere'), quod ad fratrem et
Immo Junioris nomine alter Paulinus anni 530 consul in monumentis denotatur.
') Verba subnexa, in quibus diei paschalis metropolitanis aignificandi habe-
tur formula, Baronius et Labatus omiserunt. Sed ex L^ L* c^ a' revocantur, nisi
quod L* vmi Cal. AprUis^ a' nescio unde VIUI Kalendas Majas. Unde boc
anno Pascha iu Occidentali ecclesia secundum veterem supputationem Roma-
nam celebratum esse cognoscimus, quum secundum Alexandrinam (et canonem
Victorianum) illo anno X Kal. Majas celebraretur. Quod idem confirmator ta-
bula iUa Ncapolitana indiculum paschalem ab a. 464 usque ad a. 614 praebeute
(ed. Roncalli Vet. lat. chron. I, 722—735), qua ad a. 501 notatur: Pascha X KaL
Maji iuna XVIII liomani VIII Kai, Aprii, iuna XXI. Simul hoc tempore cano-
ucm Victorianum, qui hac in parte cum Alexandrinis consensit, Aomae n^le-
ctum esse (etsi vix credendum putat Rossius Inscr. christ. I p. XCV et 253),
hisce palam fit. Denique ad illam differentiam referendum pnto, quod Symma-
chus vel apud Theodoricum regem accusatus narratur, quod non cum um^ersUate
Pascka ceiebrassetj atque ad rationem de ejusmodi dissonantia reddendam ad
curirun regiam evocatus innuitur; (couf. anonymus Blanchinianns ap. Maratoii
script. rer. Ital. t. III p. 2 col. 45). Nec forte temere judicaverimns, 1»%^ ipta
differentia tunc denuo vcre hiante novis curis pontificum Bomanoram et Dio-
nysii Exigui justam ansam datam csse. De causis autem eijuBmodi differentiM
conferatur supra n. Hilari epist. 3 n. 4.
') Quam non iniquo animo Avitus tulerit Sjmmachi jndiranw^ ^ et qmnta
orga eum reverentia afFectus fuerit, testis est ipsius ad Faustom et Synuaachimi
sciiatores epistola 31.
EPISTOLAE 3 — 5. 657
coepiscopuin nostmm Aeoniiim nuper rescripsimus. Non enim juria. 601.^
tuo, dilectissime frater, praejudicatum fuit, quum nos inaudita parte
et absque competenti instructione non posse judicare respondimus.
Unde fratemitati tuae salvum est^) allegare, quod putaverit allegan-
dum, et proponere quod viderit proponendum. Nam licet confusionem
provinciae a praedecessore nostro sanctae memoriae Anastasio epi-
scopo praeter Ecclesiae consuetudinem et antiqua praedecessonun
nostrorum statuta factam esse dixerimus et non esse tolerandam,
attamen si ea, quae fecit, rationabiliter fecisse fraternitas tua docuerit,
gaudebimus nihil esse ab eo contra canones attentatum', quia quod
fit praeter regulam, modo sit ex justa causa, non infringit regulam,
quam sola pervicacia et antiquitatis contemptus laedit. Nam quam-
vis a patribus statuta diligenti observatione et observanti diligentia
sint custodienda, nihilominus propter aliquod bonum de rigore legis
aliquid relaxatur, quod et ipsa lex cavisset si praevidisset. Et saepe
crudele esset insistere legi, quum observantia ejus esse praejudiciabilis
Eeclesiae videtur; quoniam leges ea intentione latae sunt, ut pro-
ficiant, non ut noceant. Quamobrem pergat dilectio tua, rationes
quae praedecessorem nostrum ad tractandam praedictam confusionem
impulerunt, ad nos dirigere, ut et sciamus quid fuerit statuendum,
et in Domino laetemur beatae memoriae Anastasium nihil fecisse
retractandum. Deus te incolumem servet, frater dilectissime ! Data
III Idus Octobres, Avieno et Pompejo consulibus.
◆
From:Pope Symmachus, Bishop of Rome
To:Avitus, Bishop of Vienne
Date:~501 AD
Context:Symmachus writes to Avitus of Vienne during the Laurentian Schism — the contested papal election that divided Rome for years.
Symmachus, bishop, to the most holy brother Avitus.
You will have heard various accounts of what has been happening in Rome, and I want to give you the account that is accurate rather than the account that serves anyone's faction.
The election that made me bishop of Rome was conducted according to the canons. The election that made Laurentius bishop of Rome was not — or rather, it was a second election conducted by those who were dissatisfied with the first, which is not a canonical second election but a schism. The king [Theoderic] has recognized my election as the legitimate one. The Laurentian party has not accepted this, and the disorders in the city continue.
I write to you because Avitus of Vienne is a man of genuine integrity and because the Gallic bishops have a role to play in the resolution of this crisis. Their recognition of the legitimate bishop of Rome matters; their refusal to recognize a schismatic claimant matters equally. I am asking for what I believe is simply just: that the canons be applied consistently, that the canonical election be recognized, and that the schism be treated as what it is.
In the peace of God, Symmachus
Modern English rendering for readability. See the 19th-century translation or original Latin/Greek for scholarly use.