Letter 2008: I write to you with the deepest sorrow.

Sidonius ApollinarisDesideratus|c. 467 AD|Sidonius Apollinaris
education booksfriendshipgrief deathwomen

To Desideratus.

I write to you with the deepest sorrow. The day before yesterday, the lady Filimatia died — and not without public mourning. She was a dutiful wife, a kind mistress, a devoted mother, a loving daughter — a woman to whom her inferiors owed obedience, her superiors respect, and her equals affection. As the only surviving daughter of a mother long dead, she had with all manner of tenderness made her still-young father feel no need for a child of the other sex. But now, by this sudden death, she has pierced him with widowerhood and desolation at once. To this must be added the fact that, as a mother of five children, her untimely end has turned her fertility into a curse. If those little ones had lost their already-frail father while their mother still lived, they would have been considered less orphaned.

Still, if any honor paid to the dead is not in vain, it was not the grim services of common undertakers that buried her. Rather, as all — even strangers — wept and pressed forward to touch the bier, to hold it back, to kiss it, she was received by the hands of priests and kinsmen and carried to her eternal resting place, looking more like one who sleeps than one who has died.

After this, at the bereaved father's request, I composed a funeral poem — almost while the tears were still warm — not in elegiac couplets but in hendecasyllables, to be inscribed on her marble. If you do not entirely disapprove, the bookseller will add it to the other volumes of my epigrams. If otherwise, it is enough for a stone-hard poem to be contained in stone:

Swift and cruel was the death that seized her,
leaving five children, a father, and a husband.
The hands of a grieving homeland placed
the lady Filimatia in this tomb.

Splendor of her family, glory of her husband —
prudent, pure, graceful, firm, and gentle,
a model even to her elders —
she united qualities usually thought incompatible
through the harmony of her character:
for her life's companions were
a dignified freedom and a graceful modesty.

And so we grieve that barely your third decade
had been completed
when, in the flower of your years,
the final rites were unjustly paid.

Whether you like the poem or not: hurry here and visit the city at once. You owe the duty of consolation to the afflicted households of two fellow citizens. May you discharge this duty, I pray to God, without ever having it repaid in kind. Farewell.

Modern English rendering for readability. See the 19th-century translation or original Latin/Greek for scholarly use.

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