Letter 7009: To the Lord Bishop Perpetuus [Bishop of Tours, the powerful metropolitan who had commissioned the new basilica of...

Sidonius ApollinarisPerpetuus|c. 467 AD|Sidonius Apollinaris
barbarian invasioneducation books

To the Lord Bishop Perpetuus [Bishop of Tours, the powerful metropolitan who had commissioned the new basilica of Saint Martin].

Out of your passion for spiritual reading — and your library of both scriptural and theological works is deeply familiar to you — you wish to know even those things that are surely unworthy of occupying the judgment of such distinguished ears. You have instructed me to send you the speech I apparently delivered to the people of Bourges [Bituriges] in their church — a speech to which no rhetorical skill, no oratorical thunder, no grammatical elegance supplied any appropriate grace or structure.

For in that speech, as is customary for a skilled advocate, I did not think it proper to deploy historical citations, poetic imagery, or the sparks of forensic perorations. The wrongs I suffered suggested the material for my speech, while the occasion and my other responsibilities took away the time. For the crowd of candidates was so great that not even two benches could have held the numerous aspirants for a single episcopal throne. Everyone was pleased with himself; everyone was displeased with everyone else.

We would never have been able to settle anything collectively if the people, yielding their own judgment, had not submitted themselves to the bishops' verdict — though a few priests grumbled in corners, while none dared even to whisper in the open, since most of them feared their own order no less than the others.

I enclose the speech appended to this letter. It was dictated — as Christ is my witness — in two watches of a single summer night, and I am very much afraid that you may give more credit to the reading itself, which proves this about itself, than to me.

[The speech that follows is Sidonius's oration nominating Simplicius as bishop of Bourges. In it, Sidonius addresses the people directly:]

The Speech:

Secular history tells us, beloved, that a certain philosopher [Pythagoras] required his arriving students to practice patience in silence before teaching them the art of speaking, and made every beginner sit mute for a full five years among the chairs of his debating colleagues — so that even the quickest minds were not permitted to be praised before they were properly known. The result was that once these men spoke after their long silence, everyone who heard them could not remain silent in turn — because until nature has absorbed knowledge, there is no more glory in saying what you know than in keeping quiet about what you do not.

But my own situation is entirely different. The weight of this profession has been thrust upon me as I stumble through the guilty abysses and wallowing-places of my sins — and before I have rendered anyone the obedience of a student, I am forced to owe everyone the duty of a teacher.

[He then describes the impossible challenge of nominating a bishop: if he names a monk, the populists complain; if a cleric, the seniors grumble; if a soldier, they accuse him of favoritism. Every quality is turned into a fault by someone.]

Finally, he announces his choice: Simplicius — a man of noble birth on both sides, of distinguished public and religious lineage, generous to the poor, experienced in embassies before kings, and the builder of a church from his own funds while still young and in modest circumstances. He is, Sidonius declares, a man who does not seek the episcopate but deserves it.

"In the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, Simplicius is the man whom I pronounce should become metropolitan of our province and chief bishop of your city." Farewell.

Modern English rendering for readability. See the 19th-century translation or original Latin/Greek for scholarly use.

Related Letters