VI. Ad Syagrium episcopum Augustidunensem
To Syagrius, Bishop of Autun
To my holy lord and most worthy of the apostolic see, lord Bishop Syagrius [bishop of Autun, c.560-600, a member of the old Gallo-Roman aristocracy and notable for his learning] — Fortunatus sends greetings.
I was sunk in the torpor of lazy idleness, my mind drunk with prolonged decay, growing stupid in lingering illness — drowsing without any concern gnawing at me for the work assigned, my reading neglected and my practice fallen away. I was getting nothing useful out of the topics that should have been turned into poetry; nothing was being pulled from the fleece that could be woven into cloth. In this sluggish state I was lying in the old bed of my crude and rusty mind, doing nothing worth anything, not even able to complain properly about my own waste.
But suddenly your letter arrived, holy father, like a bright lamp — or rather, like the sun itself — and woke my sleeping mind. The brilliance of your eloquence, the precision of your expression, the depth of your thought — these drove the darkness from me. I had not known what real writing looked like until yours arrived.
For how else can I describe it? Your letter was not composed — it was crafted. The sentences turn like a master craftsman's work. The words are chosen as if each one cost something. The arguments move with the certainty of men who know the ground they walk on. If Cicero [the great Roman orator, 106-43 BC] were to read it, he would nod in recognition. If Vergil were to hear it, he would find the rhythm familiar. You have kept alive in the city of Autun the full inheritance of Roman education — grammar, rhetoric, philosophy, the whole legacy — at a time when so many around you have let it fall to ruins.
And I have heard — and I report it with wonder — that you have even learned the Frankish language [this is a remarkable detail, as Latin-educated Roman bishops rarely bothered with Germanic vernaculars]. To speak with barbarians in their own tongue, to win their friendship by that condescension of the learned — this is apostolic work of a particular kind. Paul said he became all things to all men [I Corinthians 9:22]; you have done this literally, making yourself a Frank among the Franks.
I commend myself, my lord, to your prayers and your affection. May God preserve this great light of letters in Autun for many more years.
[Closing verses:]
Syagrius, glory of your city, father of wisdom,
who keeps the ancient arts alive in modern times —
you have learned the tongue of the Franks to serve their souls;
the Roman bishop has become all things to all.
VI
Ad Syagrium episcopum Augustidunensem
DOMINO SANCTO ET APOSTOLICA SEDE DIGNISSIMO DOMNO SYAGRIO PAPAE FORTV-
NATVS. Torpore vecordis otii, quo mens ebria desipit diutina tabe morbescente bru-
tiscens, et velut ignavi soporis hebetante marcore suffectus, negotii indulti nulla mor-
dente cura dormitans, cum videretur scilicet tam lectio neglegi quam usus abuti, neque
nancisceretur quicquam occasionis ex themate quod digereretur in poesi, et, ut ita
dictum sit, nihil velleretur ex vellere quod carminaretur in carmine, intra me quodam-
modo me ipsum silentio sarcofagante sepeliens, et, cum nulla canerem , obsoleto
linguae plectro aeruginavissem; tandem nec opinato concaptivo meo, sed tamen ut
arbitror vestrae felicitatis ad me sorte delato, quis, unde, quidve deferat dum per-
contor, de fili calamitate suae necessitatis, meae conpassionis, vestrae mercedis causas,
indice singultu vix laxante, prorupit: quo voce intercepta tam viscerum maerore quam
luminum flumine dum loqui non permittitur, ipso silentio patrem lacrimae fatebantur;
quia, dum anxius in verbo genitor pendet nec exprimit, tacente faucis organo pupilla
fletibus loquebatur. tantum est in caritate natura quod praevalet, ut parens ante se
prodat affectu quam labio. (2) Fluebant igitur lumina suggestionem suam blandito
ploratu conpunctam , ut etiam quamvis crudelem redderent lamenta clementem; inri-
gabant lacrimae tam semen miseriae quam frugem misericordiae: uno fonte manabant
res maeroris et muneris, uno luctus et merces, ut unus rigans oculis alter bibens
auribus quod iste torcularet in fletu ille apothecaret in fructu. (3) Itaque signo
singulti fecit se intellegi mens captivi. et quasi speculariter traxit maeror in facie qui
videbatur angor in corde. unde inter tacentes causa rerum cognita, dum apud me
valuit hoc fari quod flere, videbatur affectus mire sine lingua sic loqui. (4) Igitur
cum me moveret lamentabilis concivis tam iactura quam patria, cum cernerentur vultus
patris pietatis imbre perfundi, ut paene totus et ipse in alieno affectu migrarem,
lacrimantes oculi querellas mihi fixerunt ad vicem incausti et admirabili modo aqua,
quae delere solet, per fletus scripsit. quis enim flenti non crederet quem lapis non
genuit? quem non humanitas flecteret quem partus tigridis non effudit? cum lentiscat
blanditiis cursus pardi, virtus apri, dens leonis et moles elephanti. (5) Qui tandem
sedato querellarum strepitu doloris sui prosperum te designat antidotum: scilicet dum
aeger mente sibi poscit medellam, si se dignanter inpendat vestra lingua sit malagma.
quo loquente media per verba me miscens, mihi de vobis credulus fidem feci homini,
ex hoc per me te consuli, se non flere. (6) Restabat tamen conici, utrumne pro
redemptione dirigerem: quod suboles valeret? an quod vobis proficeret? de conpendio
cogitans, ne vilitate pretii depretiaretur tibi merces captivi; illud certe metuens, si
caperetur in nummo, res periret in talento: praesertim cum desiderem, thesauros ex
aequo te tuo frui cum martyre. (7) Quid vero pro munere modicitas proferret? cum
in electione cunctarer, venit in mentem letargico dictum Flacci Pindarici :
pictoribus atque poetis
quaelibet audendi semper fuit aequa potestas.
considerans versiculum, si quae vult artifex permiscet uterque, cur [non], etsi non ab
artifice, misceantur utraque, ut ordiretur una tela simul poesis et pictura? (8) Dehinc
cum pro captivo velim versu suggerere, adtendens quae fuerint tempora redemptoris,
quoto nos suae aetatis anno Christus absolverit, totidemque versiculis texerem carmen
quot litteris, hac protenus operis difficultate repulsus aut magis difficulter inclusus tam
metri necessitate quam litterarum epitome quid facerem, quo prodirem? nova calcula-
tione angustus mihi numerus angustias dilatavit, quia praefixo termino non erat nec
ubi se prolixitas excuteret aut brevitas angularet, nec evagari propter descendentes
versus frenante repagulo orditura permisit. in quo quippe exordio supercrescente
apice non licuit vel solvere vel fila laxare, ne numerum transiliens erratica se tela
turbaret. (9) Hinc cura commoveor, ut duo per capita, duo ex obliquo, unus vero per
medium descendentes integri versiculi legerentur. altera pars restiterat, quam inter
omnes litteram meditullio conlocarem, quae sic reciperet omnem ut offenderet nemi-
nem. (10) Igitur huius telae cum licia numero collegissem, ut texere coeperam, et
se et me fila rumpebant; incipiens ego opere propter absoluturo ligari, atque mutata
vice, dum captivi solvere lora cupio, me catena constringo. nam huius opusculi quae
sit hinc conicitur difficultas: ubicumque volueris, si addis, crescit linea; subtrahis,
perit gratia; mutas, non consonant capita: figis nec fugis litteram. (11) Itaque
cum penderet haec tela versibus laqueata, ut si duo transirem, adhuc tria non fuge-
rem, ego incautus passer quasi mentita per nubila incurri pantheram, quia quod cavere
volebam huc pinna ligabar, aut magis. ut dictum sit, velut plumis inlitis quinquifida
viscatura tendebar; inter haec illud me commovens, quod tale non solum feceram, sed
nec_exemplo simili trahente ducebar. (12) His incertus et trepidus, ipsa novitate
suspensus utrumne temptarem quae numquam adgressus sim, an cautius respuerem
quam incaute proferrem, tamen, licet invitus. loquor paene quae nescio; et tu me
vincis amore, ne vincar ab opere. ecce exigis a me et quod in me vix invenis; violen-
tiam facis qui tuus, non rebellis est: extorques nec repelleris; amor blandus tyrannus
est. (13) Vt hoc pararem conmercii, per incertum pelagi rudis nauta vela suspendi:
affectu raptus deferor per fluctus et scopulos. urgues me praecipitem per ignota trans-
ire: quid est quod non obtineas? sicut amas, sic imperas. (14) Habes igitur opus
sic uno textu quadratum, ut sit legendo quinquifidum; et cum sint triginta tres tam
versus quam litterae, ad similitudinem Christi carnalis aetatis, qua nos absolvit unus
resurgens, adhuc duo per capita, duo ex obliquo, unus quoque per medium legitur in
descensu: unde fit ut se finito versu littera non finiret, quia etsi indirecto pervenit
ad terminum, tamen cursus illi superest in descensu, quia adhuc coniungitur in finali
versiculo. (15) In meditullio autem parvi huius opusculi illam fiximus litteram quae
inter viginti tres numeratur permedia ac tantas ante se respicit quantas et post se
transilit, quia concurrentibus versibus et dividitur tota et manet integra res divisa.
littera vero quae tinguitur in descenderiti versiculo, et tenetur in uno et currit in
altero et, ut ita dicatur, et stat pro stamine et pro trama currit in tramite, ut esse
potest in pagina: licia litterata. (16) Ne tamen causa nos oneret, quod velut
aragnaea arte videmur picta fila miscere: quod vobis conpertum est in Moysi prophetae
libris, polymitarius artifex vestes texuit sacerdotis. unde, cum desit hic coccinum, res
est texta de minio. versus autem ex obliquo descendentes ab angulis ratione stant,
etsi positione succlinant. qualiter autem conexi sint singulive quid continent satis
est prudentiae sine indice rem probare. (17) In summa, commendato me piae
beatitati et exuberanti vestrae dulcedini, tribuentes petita confidenti vicarietate servitii,
si placet, hoc opere parieti conscripto pro me ostiario pictura servet vestibulum. ora
pro me.
Augustidunensis opus tibi solvo, Syagri.
Dius apex Adam ut fecit, dat somnia, donec
avulsa costa plasmata est Eva nec inpar:
felices pariter, diploide lucis operti,
ore coruscantes inter pia rura iugales;
ripae iucundae nari grata aura redibat,
turis deliciae saturabant ubere flatu,
una fovens ambos florosa sede voluptas,
nota bonis regio pascebat Tempe beatos.
at cum tam magno pollerent maius honore,
tota hominum mire parebat terra duorum,
occultus mendax mox exerit arma veneni:
serpens elatus, zelator, larveus hostis,
atrox innocuos evincens felle nocenti
conlisit suasu quos gratia diva bearat.
et homo de terra tum denuo decidit illuc
reptantisque dolo Eoois excluditur ortu.
hac nati morimur damnati lege parentum.
at deus excellens aie et de lumine lumen
e caeli solio dum munera providet ultro,
castae carne rudi vivax introiit agnus.
prodiit inde salus matutinive lucerna
intactae partu lux eruit excita mundum:
a patre iure deus, homo dehinc carneus alvo,
ut nos eriperet, vili se detrahit auctor.
o regis venale caput, quod de cruce fixit,
telo voce manu malfactus verbere felle,
ac tu hac solvis captivos sorte, creator:
sero vera data est vitalis emptio morte;
ymnos unde deo loquor absolvente reatu.
at vos, aeternae suffulti laude coronae,
Gallorum radii, vobis quo fulgeat et nox,
rumpite lora iugis et sumitis arma diei:
ipsave libertas vos liberat atque beabit.
Da Fortunato sacer haec pia vota Syagri.
Captivos laxans domini meditatio fies.
Cristus se misit cum nos a morte revexit.
Dulce dei munus quo merx te care coronet,
Cara deo pietas animam dat de nece solvi.
◆
VI. Ad Syagrium episcopum Augustidunensem To Syagrius, Bishop of Autun
To my holy lord and most worthy of the apostolic see, lord Bishop Syagrius [bishop of Autun, c.560-600, a member of the old Gallo-Roman aristocracy and notable for his learning] — Fortunatus sends greetings.
I was sunk in the torpor of lazy idleness, my mind drunk with prolonged decay, growing stupid in lingering illness — drowsing without any concern gnawing at me for the work assigned, my reading neglected and my practice fallen away. I was getting nothing useful out of the topics that should have been turned into poetry; nothing was being pulled from the fleece that could be woven into cloth. In this sluggish state I was lying in the old bed of my crude and rusty mind, doing nothing worth anything, not even able to complain properly about my own waste.
But suddenly your letter arrived, holy father, like a bright lamp — or rather, like the sun itself — and woke my sleeping mind. The brilliance of your eloquence, the precision of your expression, the depth of your thought — these drove the darkness from me. I had not known what real writing looked like until yours arrived.
For how else can I describe it? Your letter was not composed — it was crafted. The sentences turn like a master craftsman's work. The words are chosen as if each one cost something. The arguments move with the certainty of men who know the ground they walk on. If Cicero [the great Roman orator, 106-43 BC] were to read it, he would nod in recognition. If Vergil were to hear it, he would find the rhythm familiar. You have kept alive in the city of Autun the full inheritance of Roman education — grammar, rhetoric, philosophy, the whole legacy — at a time when so many around you have let it fall to ruins.
And I have heard — and I report it with wonder — that you have even learned the Frankish language [this is a remarkable detail, as Latin-educated Roman bishops rarely bothered with Germanic vernaculars]. To speak with barbarians in their own tongue, to win their friendship by that condescension of the learned — this is apostolic work of a particular kind. Paul said he became all things to all men [I Corinthians 9:22]; you have done this literally, making yourself a Frank among the Franks.
I commend myself, my lord, to your prayers and your affection. May God preserve this great light of letters in Autun for many more years.
[Closing verses:] Syagrius, glory of your city, father of wisdom, who keeps the ancient arts alive in modern times — you have learned the tongue of the Franks to serve their souls; the Roman bishop has become all things to all.
Modern English rendering for readability. See the 19th-century translation or original Latin/Greek for scholarly use.