Letter 100: 1. I would indeed that the African Church were not placed in such trying circumstances as to need the aid of any earthly power. But since, as the apostle says, there is no power but of God, Romans 13:1 it is unquestionable that, when by you the sincere sons of your Catholic Mother help is given to her, our help is in the name of the Lord, who ma...

Augustine to Donatus, the proconsul of Africa, greetings. I write to you, most excellent lord, not as a bishop issuing commands to a magistrate — for that is not my place — but as a pastor making a request on behalf of people whose welfare concerns us both. Cases involving Donatists are coming before your court with increasing frequency, and the penalties prescribed by law are severe. I do not ask you to ignore the law. But I do ask you, with all the earnestness I can summon, to administer it with restraint. The Church does not want the Donatists destroyed. We want them converted. We do not want their blood — we want their hearts. If the penalties you impose are so harsh that they produce martyrs rather than penitents, then the law has defeated its own purpose. A man who is driven to despair by punishment will never be won to the faith by the same hand that punished him. I especially ask you this: do not impose the death penalty in cases related to the schism. The Church has never sought the death of heretics and must not begin now. We may correct, fine, exile, confiscate — but we do not kill. If any official under your authority executes a Donatist for religious offenses, the Church will publicly repudiate the act and bear the shame of having been associated with it. Be a good magistrate, my lord. Be just. Be merciful. And remember that the people you judge will one day stand before a judge far more searching than any human tribunal. Farewell.

Letter 100 (A.D. 409) To Donatus His Noble and Deservedly Honourable Lord, and Eminently Praiseworthy Son, Augustine Sends Greeting in the Lord. 1. I would indeed that the African Church were not placed in such trying circumstances as to need the aid of any earthly power. But since, as the apostle says, there is no power but of God, Romans 13:1 it is unquestionable that, when by you the sincere sons of your Catholic Mother help is given to her, our help is in the name of the Lord, who made heaven and earth. For oh, noble and deservedly honourable lord, and eminently praiseworthy son, who does not perceive that in the midst of so great calamities no small consolation has been bestowed upon us by God, in that you, such a man, and so devoted to the name of Christ, have been raised to the dignity of proconsul, so that power allied with your goodwill may restrain the enemies of the Church from their wicked and sacrilegious attempts? In fact, there is only one thing of which we are much afraid in your administration of justice, viz., lest perchance, seeing that every injury done by impious and ungrateful men against the Christian society is a more serious and heinous crime than if it had been done against others, you should on this ground consider that it ought to be punished with a severity corresponding to the enormity of the crime, and not with the moderation which is suitable to Christian forbearance. We beseech you, in the name of Jesus Christ, not to act in this manner. For we do not seek to revenge ourselves in this world; nor ought the things which we suffer to reduce us to such distress of mind as to leave no room in our memory for the precepts in regard to this which we have received from Him for whose truth and in whose name we suffer; we love our enemies, and we pray for them. Matthew 5:44 It is not their death, but their deliverance from error, that we seek to accomplish by the help of the terror of judges and of laws, whereby they may be preserved from falling under the penalty of eternal judgment; we do not wish either to see the exercise of discipline towards them neglected, or, on the other hand, to see them subjected to the severer punishments which they deserve. Do you, therefore, check their sins in such a way, that the sinners may be spared to repent of their sins. 2. We beg you, therefore, when you are pronouncing judgment in cases affecting the Church, how wicked soever the injuries may be which you shall ascertain to have been attempted or inflicted on the Church, to forget that you have the power of capital punishment, and not to forget our request. Nor let it appear to you an unimportant matter and beneath your notice, my most beloved and honoured son, that we ask you to spare the lives of the men on whose behalf we ask God to grant them repentance. For even granting that we ought never to deviate from a fixed purpose of overcoming evil with good, let your own wisdom take this also into consideration, that no person beyond those who belong to the Church is at pains to bring before you cases pertaining to her interests. If, therefore, your opinion be, that death must be the punishment of men convicted of these crimes, you will deter us from endeavouring to bring anything of this kind before your tribunal; and this being discovered, they will proceed with more unrestrained boldness to accomplish speedily our destruction, when upon us is imposed and enjoined the necessity of choosing rather to suffer death at their hands, than to bring them to death by accusing them at your bar. Disdain not, I beseech you, to accept this suggestion, petition, and entreaty from me. For I do not think that you are unmindful that I might have great boldness in addressing you, even were I not a bishop, and even though your rank were much above what you now hold. Meanwhile, let the Donatist heretics learn at once through the edict of your Excellency that the laws passed against their error, which they suppose and boastfully declare to be repealed, are still in force, although even when they know this they may not be able to refrain in the least degree from injuring us. You will, however, most effectively help us to secure the fruit of our labours and dangers, if you take care that the imperial laws for the restraining of their sect, which is full of conceit and of impious pride, be so used that they may not appear either to themselves or to others to be suffering hardship in any form for the sake of truth and righteousness; but suffer them, when this is requested at your hands, to be convinced and instructed by incontrovertible proofs of things which are most certain, in public proceedings in the presence of your Excellency or of inferior judges, in order that those who are arrested by your command may themselves incline their stubborn will to the better part, and may read these things profitably to others of their party. For the pains bestowed are burdensome rather than really useful, when men are only compelled, not persuaded by instruction, to forsake a great evil and lay hold upon a great benefit.

EPISTOLA 100 Scripta sub finem a. 408. A. hortatur Donatum, Africae proconsulem, ut Donatistas legibus coerceat, non occidat (n. 1-2). DOMINO EXIMIO MERITOQUE HONORABILI INSIGNITERQUE LAUDABILI FILIO DONATO, AUGUSTINUS, IN DOMINO SALUTEM Donatistae corrigendi, non necandi. 1. Nollem quidem in his afflictationibus esse Africanam Ecclesiam constitutam, ut terrenae ullius potestatis indigeret auxilio. Sed quia, sicut Apostolus dicit: Non est potestas nisi a Deo 1; procul dubio, cum per vos sincerissimos Catholicae matris filios eidem subvenitur, auxilium nostrum in nomine Domini est, qui fecit coelum et terram 2. Quis enim non sentiat in tantis malis non parvam nobis consolationem divinitus missam, cum tu vir talis et Christi nominis amantissimus, proconsularibus es sublimatus insignibus, ut ab sceleratis et sacrilegis ausibus inimicos Ecclesiae bonae tuae voluntati potestas sociata cohiberet, domine eximie meritoque honorabilis insigniterque laudabilis fili? Denique unum solum est quod in tua iustitia pertimescimus, ne forte, quoniam quidquid mali contra christianam societatem ab hominibus impiis ingratisque committitur, profecto gravius est et atrocius quam si in alios talia committantur, tu quoque pro immanitate facinorum, ac non potius pro lenitatis christianae consideratione censeas coercendum; quod te per Iesum Christum ne facias obsecramus. Neque enim vindictam de inimicis in hac terra requirimus, aut vero ad eas angustias animi nos debent coarctare quae patimur, ut obliviscamur quid nobis praeceperit, pro cuius veritate ac nomine patimur: diligimus inimicos nostros et oramus pro eis. Unde ex occasione terribilium iudicum ac legum, ne in aeterni iudicii poenas incidant, corrigi eos cupimus, non necari; nec disciplinam circa eos neglegi volumus, nec suppliciis quibus digni sunt exerceri. Sic igitur eorum peccata compesce, ut sint quos poeniteat peccasse. Haeretici reprimendi ut convertantur, non ut occidantur. 2. Quaesumus igitur ut cum Ecclesiae causas audis, quamlibet nefariis iniuriis appetitam vel afflictam esse cognoveris, potestatem occidendi te habere obliviscaris, et petitionem nostram non obliviscaris. Non tibi vile sit, neque contemptibile, fili honorabiliter dilectissime, quod vos rogamus ne occidantur, pro quibus Dominum rogamus ut corrigantur. Excepto etiam quod a perpetuo proposito recedere non debemus vincendi in bono malum 3; illud quoque prudentia tua cogitet, quod causas ecclesiasticas insinuare vobis nemo praeter ecclesiasticos curat. Proinde, si occidendos in his sceleribus homines putaveritis, deterrebitis nos ne per operam nostram ad vestrum iudicium aliquid tale perveniat: quo comperto illi in nostram perniciem licentiore audacia grassabuntur, necessitate nobis impacta et indicta, ut etiam occidi ab eis eligamus, quam eos occidendos vestris iudiciis ingeramus. Hanc admonitionem, petitionem, obsecrationem meam ne, quaeso, aspernanter accipias. Neque enim te arbitror non recolere, magnam me ad te et multo quam nunc es altius sublimatum etiamsi episcopus non essem, fiduciam tamen habere potuisse. Cito interim per edictum Excellentiae tuae noverint haeretici Donatistae, manere leges contra errorem suum latas, quas iam nihil valere arbitrantur et iactant, ne vel sic nobis parcere aliquatenus possint. Plurimum autem labores et pericula nostra, quo fructuosa sint, adiuvabis, si eorum vanissimam et impiae superbiae plenissimam sectam non ita cures imperialibus legibus comprimi, ut sibi vel suis videantur qualescumque molestias pro veritate atque iustitia sustinere: sed eos, cum hoc abs te petitur, rerum certarum manifestissimis documentis apud Acta vel Praestantiae tuae vel minorum iudicum convinci atque instrui patiaris, ut et ipsi qui te iubente attinentur, duram, si fieri potest, flectant in melius voluntatem, et ea caeteris salubriter legant. Onerosior est quippe quam utilior diligentia, quamvis ut magnum deseratur malum, et magnum teneatur bonum, cogi tantum homines, non doceri.