Letter 99: I have had every desire and have really done my best to obey, if only in part, the imperial order and the friendly letter of your excellency. I am sure that your every word and every thought are full of good intentions and right sentiments. But I have not been permitted to show my ready concurrence by practical action.

To Count Terentius, I've wanted nothing more than to carry out the emperor's orders and your own kind request. I know your intentions are good, and I appreciate that. But I haven't been able to follow through with action. The truest reason is my own failings, which keep getting in my way. Beyond that, the bishop assigned to work with me — my brother Theodotus — has turned against me, and I'm not sure why. Here's what happened. Theodotus had originally promised to collaborate with me and warmly invited me from Getasa to Nicopolis [cities in the Roman province of Armenia Minor, in modern northeastern Turkey]. But when he actually saw me arrive, he was so put off that he refused to let me join him for either morning or evening prayers. He may have been justified, given my shortcomings — but it certainly didn't help the churches. His stated reason? That I had admitted our brother Eustathius [bishop of Sebasteia, whose theological orthodoxy was disputed] back into communion. Here's what actually happened with Eustathius. Theodotus had called a meeting, and I went, wanting to make the gathering productive. I approached Eustathius about the accusations Theodotus had raised against his theology. I told him plainly: if he held to the orthodox faith, he should make that clear to me and we could share communion. If he believed otherwise, he needed to know I would break with him. We talked at length. The entire day was spent going back and forth, and by evening we still hadn't reached a conclusion. The next morning we met again, this time joined by brother Poemenius, a presbyter from Sebasteia [a city in the Armenian highlands, modern Sivas, Turkey], who argued vigorously against my position. Point by point, I addressed his objections and brought them around to my view. By God's grace, we found ourselves in complete agreement — even on the smallest details. Around the ninth hour [roughly 3 PM], we gave thanks to God and rose for prayer. I should have gotten a written statement from Eustathius right then, so his agreement would be on record. But I wanted to be thorough: I planned to meet with Theodotus first, get a written confession of faith from him, and then present it to Eustathius. That way we'd accomplish both goals at once — Eustathius would confess the orthodox faith, and Theodotus and his supporters would be fully satisfied, since the document would be their own. But Theodotus, without even learning what we'd discussed or what we'd agreed on, decided to shut us out of the meeting. So we turned around halfway through our journey, frustrated that our efforts to bring peace to the churches had been sabotaged. After this, I had to travel to Armenia. Knowing Theodotus's character, and wanting both to defend myself before a credible witness and to satisfy him, I went to Getasa, in the territory of the godly bishop Meletius [bishop of Antioch, a key orthodox leader]. Theodotus was with me. When he accused me again of communing with Eustathius, I told him the truth: that Eustathius had agreed with me on everything. But Theodotus insisted that after leaving me, Eustathius had denied the whole thing — telling his own followers that he had never — [The letter breaks off here in the surviving text.]

ST. BASIL OF CAESAREA To Count Terentius. I have had every desire and have really done my best to obey, if only in part, the imperial order and the friendly letter of your excellency. I am sure that your every word and every thought are full of good intentions and right sentiments. But I have not been permitted to show my ready concurrence by practical action. The truest cause is my sins, which always rise before me and always hamper my steps. Then, again, there is the alienation of the bishop who had been appointed to cooperate with me, why, I know not; but my right reverend brother Theodotus, who promised from the beginning to act with me, had cordially invited me from Getasa to Nicopolis. When however he saw me in the town, he was so shocked at me, and so afraid of my sins, that he could not bear to take me either to morning or evening prayer. In this he acted quite justly so far as my deserts go, and quite as befits my course of life, but not in a manner likely to promote the interests of the Churches. His alleged reason was that I had admitted the very reverend brother Eustathius to communion. What I have done is as follows. When invited to a meeting held by our brother Theodotus, and wishful, for love's sake, to obey the summons, that I might not make the gathering fruitless and vain, I was anxious to hold communication with the aforementioned brother Eustathius. I put before him the accusations concerning the faith, advanced against him by our brother Theodotus, and I asked him, if he followed the right faith, to make it plain to me, that I might communicate with him; if he were of another mind he must know plainly that I should be separated from him. We had much conversation on the subject, and all that day was spent in its examination; when evening came on we separated without arriving at any definite conclusion. On the morrow, we had another sitting in the morning and discussed the same points, with the addition of our brother Pœmenius, the presbyter of Sebasteia, who vehemently pressed the argument against me. Point by point I cleared up the questions on which he seemed to be accusing me, and brought them to agree to my propositions. The result was, that, by the grace of the Lord, we were found to be in mutual agreement, even on the most minute particulars. So about the ninth hour, after thanking God for granting us to think and say the same thing, we rose up to go to prayer. In addition to this I ought to have got some written statement from him, so that his assent might be made known to his opponents and the proof of his opinion might be sufficient for the rest. But I was myself anxious, with the desire for great exactitude, to meet my brother Theodotus, to get a written statement of the faith from him, and to propose it to Eustathius; that so both objects might be obtained at once, the confession of the right faith by Eustathius and the complete satisfaction of Theodotus and his friends, and they would have no ground for objection after the acceptance of their own propositions. But Theodotus, before learning why we were met and what had been the result of our intercourse, decided not to allow us to take part in the meeting. So midway on our journey we set out back again, disappointed that our efforts for the peace of the Churches had been counteracted. 3. After this, when I was compelled to undertake a journey into Armenia, knowing the man's character, and with the view both of making my own defense before a competent witness, for what had taken place and of satisfying him, I travelled to Getasa, into the territory of the very godly bishop Meletius, the aforementioned Theodotus being with me; and while there, on being accused by him of my communication with Eustathius, I told him that the result of our intercourse was my finding Eustathius to be in all things in agreement with myself. Then he persisted that Eustathius, after leaving me, had denied this and asseverated to his own disciples that he had never come to any agreement with me about the faith. I, therefore, combated this statement; and see, O most excellent man, if the answer I made was not most fair and most complete. I am convinced, I said, judging from the character of Eustathius, that he cannot thus lightly be turning from one direction to another, now confessing now denying what he said; that a man, shunning a lie, even in any little matter, as an awful sin, is not likely to choose to run counter to the truth in matters of such vast importance and so generally notorious: but if what is reported among you turns out to be true, he must be confronted with a written statement containing the complete exposition of the right faith; then, if I find him ready to agree in writing, I shall continue in communion with him; but, if I find that he shrinks from the test, I shall renounce all intercourse with him. The bishop Meletius agreed to these arguments, and the brother Diodorus the presbyter, who was present, and then the right reverend brother Theodotus, assented, and invited me to go to Nicopolis, both to visit the Church there, and to keep him company as far as Satala. But he left me at Getasa, and, when I reached Nicopolis, forgetting all that he heard from me, and the agreement he had made with me, dismissed me, disgraced by the insults and dishonours which I have mentioned. 4. How, then, right honourable sir, was it possible for me to perform any of the injunctions laid on me, and to provide bishops for Armenia? How could I act, when the sharer of my responsibilities was thus disposed towards me — the very man by whose aid I was expecting to be able to find suitable persons, because of his having in his district reverend and learned men, skilled in speech, and acquainted with the other peculiarities of the nation? I know their names, but I shall refrain from mentioning them, lest there arise any hindrance to the interests of Armenia being served at some future time. Now, after getting as far as Satala in such a state of health, I seemed to settle the rest by the grace of God. I made peace between the Armenian bishops, and made them a suitable address, urging them to put away their customary indifference, and resume their ancient zeal in the Lord's cause. Moreover, I delivered them rules as to how it behooved them to give heed to iniquities generally practised in Armenia. I further accepted a decision of the Church of Satala, asking that a bishop might be given them through me. I was also careful to inquire into the calumnies promulgated against our brother Cyril, the Armenian bishop, and by God's grace I have found them to be started by the lying slanders of his enemies. This they confessed to me. And I seemed to some extent to reconcile the people to him, so that they avoid communion with him no more. Small achievements these, maybe, and not worth much, but in consequence of the mutual discord caused by the wiles of the devil, it was impossible for me to effect more. Even this much I ought not to have said, so as not to seem to be publishing my own disgrace. But as I could not plead my cause before your excellency in any other way, I was under the necessity of telling you the entire truth.

[Πρός: Τερεντίῳ Κόμητι] Πάνυ πολλὴν σπουδὴν ἐνστησάμενος πειθαρχῆσαι μερικῶς γοῦν καὶ τῷ βασιλικῷ προστάγματι καὶ τῷ φιλικῷ τῆς σῆς τιμιότητος γράμματι, οὗ ἐγὼ πάντα λόγον καὶ πᾶσαν γνώμην γέμειν ὀρθῆς προαιρέσεως καὶ ἀγαθῆς διανοίας πεπίστευκα, εἰς ἔργον ἀγαγεῖν τὴν προθυμίαν οὐκ ἐπετράπην. αἴτιον δὲ τὸ μὲν πρῶτον καὶ ἀληθέστατον αἱ ἐμαὶ ἁμαρτίαι, πανταχοῦ μοι προαπαντῶσαι καὶ ὑποσκελίζουσαί μου τὰ διαβήματα· ἔπειτα καὶ ἡ τοῦ δοθέντος ἡμῖν εἰς συνεργίαν ἐπισκόπου πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἀλλοτρίωσις. οὐκ οἶδα γὰρ ὅ τι παθὼν ὁ αἰδεσιμώτατος ἀδελφὸς ἡμῶν Θεόδοτος, ὁ ἐπαγγειλάμενος ἡμῖν ἐξ ἀρχῆς πάντα συμπράξειν, καὶ προθύμως ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ Γητασῶν ἐπὶ Νικόπολιν καταγαγών, ἐπειδὴ εἶδεν ἡμᾶς ἐπὶ τῆς πόλεως, οὕτως ἡμᾶς ἐβδελύξατο, καὶ οὕτως ἐφοβήθη τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν, ὡς μήτε εἰς ἑωθινὴν εὐχὴν μήτε εἰς ἑσπερινὴν ἀνασχέσθαι ἡμᾶς παραλαβεῖν· δίκαια μὲν ποιῶν, ὡς πρὸς ἡμᾶς, καὶ πρέποντα τῷ ἐμῷ βίῳ, οὐ λυσιτελοῦντα δὲ τῇ κοινῇ καταστάσει τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν βουλευόμενος. τὴν δὲ αἰτίαν τούτων προέφερεν ἡμῖν, ὅτι ἠνεσχόμεθα εἰς κοινωνίαν τὸν αἰδεσιμώτατον ἐπίσκοπον Εὐστάθιον παραδέξασθαι. τὸ μέντοι γενόμενον παρʼ ἡμῶν τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν. Ἡμεῖς, κληθέντες εἰς σύνοδον παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ Θεοδότου τελουμένην καὶ ὁρμήσαντες δι’ ἀγάπην ὑπακοῦσαι τῇ κλήσει, ἵνα μὴ δόξωμεν ἄπρακτον καὶ ἀργὴν ποιεῖσθαι τὴν συντυχίαν, ἐσπουδάσαμεν εἰς λόγους ἐλθεῖν τῷ προειρημένῳ ἀδελφῷ Εὐσταθίῳ. καὶ προετείναμεν αὐτῷ τὰ περὶ τῆς πίστεως ἐγκλήματα, ὅσα προφέρουσιν αὐτῷ οἱ περὶ τὸν ἀδελφὸν Θεόδοτον, καὶ ἠξιώσαμεν, εἰ μὲν ἕπεται τῇ ὀρθῇ πίστει, φανερὸν ἡμῖν καταστῆσαι, ὥστε ἡμᾶς εἶναι κοινωνικούς· εἰ δὲ ἀλλοτρίως ἔχει, ἀκριβῶς εἰδέναι, ὅτι καὶ ἡμεῖς ἕξομεν πρὸς αὐτὸν ἀλλοτρίως. πολλῶν τοίνυν γενομένων λόγων πρὸς ἀλλήλους, καὶ πάσης ἐκείνης τῆς ἡμέρας ἐν τῇ περὶ τούτων σκέψει δαπανηθείσης, καταλαβούσης λοιπὸν τῆς ἑσπέρας, διεκρίθημεν ἀπʼ ἀλλήλων, εἰς οὐδὲν ὁμολογούμενον πέρας τὸν λόγον προαγαγόντες. τῇ δὲ ἑξῆς πάλιν, ἕωθεν σνγκαθεσθέντες, περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν διελεγόμεθα, ἐπελθόντος ἤδη καὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ Ποιμενίου, τοῦ πρεσβυτέρου τῆς Σεβαστείας, καὶ σφοδρῶς ἡμῖν τὸν ἐναντίον γυμνάζοντος λόγον. κατὰ μικρὸν οὖν ἡμεῖς τε, ὑπὲρ ὧν ἔδοξεν ἡμῖν ἐγκαλεῖν, ἀπελυόμεθα, κἀκείνους εἰς τὴν τῶν ἐπιζητουμένων ὑφʼ ἡμῶν συγκατάθεσιν προηγάγομεν, ὥστε χάριτι τοῦ Κυρίου εὑρεθῆναι ἡμᾶς μηδὲ εἰς τὸ σμικρότατον πρὸς ἀλλήλους διαφερομένους. οὕτω τοίνυν περὶ ἐννάτην που ὥραν ἀνέστημεν ἐπὶ τὰς προσευχάς, εὐχαριστήσαντες τῷ Κυρίῳ τῷ δόντι ἡμῖν τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν καὶ τὸ αὐτὸ λέγειν. ἐπὶ τούτοις ἔδει με καὶ ἔγραφόν τινα παρὰ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ὁμολογίαν λαβεῖν, ὥστε καὶ τοῖς ἐναντιουμένοις αὐτῷ φανερὰν γενέσθαι τὴν συγκατάθεσιν, καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς ἱκανὴν εἶναι τοῦ ἀνδρὸς τῆς προαιρέσεως τὴν ἀπόδειξιν. ἀλλʼ ἐβουλήθην αὐτὸς ὑπὲρ πολλῆς ἀκριβείας, τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς συντυχὼν τοῖς περὶ Θεόδοτον, παρʼ αὐτῶν λαβεῖν γραμματεῖον πίστεως, καὶ αὐτὸ προτεῖναι τῷ προειρημένῳ· ἵνα ἀμφότερα γένηται, ἥ τε ὀρθὴ πίστις παρʼ αὐτοῦ ὁμολογηθῇ, καὶ αὐτοὶ πληροφορηθῶσι, μηδεμίαν ἔχοντες ἀντιλογίας ὑπόθεσιν ἐκ τοῦ τὰς παρʼ αὐτῶν προτάσεις παραδεχθῆναι. ἀλλὰ πρὶν μαθεῖν τίνος ἕνεκεν συνετύχομεν, καὶ τί ἡμῖν ἐκ τῆς ὁμιλίας κατώρθωται, οἱ περὶ τὸν ἐπίσκοπον Θεόδοτον οὐκέτι ἡμᾶς εἰς τὴν σύνοδον προτρέψασθαι κατηξίωσαν. ἀλλʼ ἀπὸ μέσης ἀνεζεύξαμεν τῆς ὁδοῦ, ἀθυμήσαντες, ὅτι ἀτελεῖς ἡμῖν ποιοῦσι τοὺς ὑπὲρ τῆς εἰρήνης τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν καμάτους. Μετὰ ταῦτα τοίνυν, ἐπειδὴ κατέλαβεν ἡμᾶς ἡ ἀνάγκη τῆς ἐπὶ τὴν Ἀρμενίαν ὁδοῦ, εἰδὼς τοῦ ἀνδρὸς τὸ ἰδιότροπον καὶ βουλόμενος ὑπὸ μάρτυρι ἀξιοπίστῳ αὐτός τε ὑπὲρ τῶν πεπραγμένων ἀπολογήσασθαι κἀκεῖνον πληροφορῆσαι, ἦλθον ἐπὶ τὰ Γήτασα τὸν ἀγρὸν τοῦ θεοφιλεστάτου ἐπισκόπου Μελετίου, συμπαρόντος μοι καὶ αὐτοῦ τοῦ προειρημένου Θεοδότου· καὶ οὕτως ἐκεῖ, ἐπειδὴ ἐνεκλήθημεν παρʼ αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τῇ πρὸς Εὐστάθιον συναφείᾳ, εἶπον τὸ ἐκ τῆς συντυχίας κατόρθωμα, ὅτι ἔλαβον αὐτὸν εἰς πάντα ἡμῖν ὁμοδοξοῦντα. ὡς δὲ διεβεβαιοῦτο ἔξαρνον γεγενῆσθαι μετὰ τὴν ἀφʼ ἡμῶν ἀναχώρησιν, καὶ διαβεβαιοῦσθαι αὐτὸν τοῖς ἰδίοις αὐτοῦ μαθηταῖς, ἦ μὲν εἰς μηδὲν ἡμῖν περὶ τῆς πίστεως συντεθεῖσθαι, ἀπήντων ἐγὼ πρὸς ταῦτα (καὶ σκόπει, θαυμασιώτατε, εἰ μὴ δικαιοτάτας καὶ ἀναντιρρήτους ἐποιούμην πρὸς τοῦτο τὰς ἀποκρίσεις), ὅτι ἐγὼ μὲν πέπεισμαι, εἰκάζων ἐκ τῆς λοιπῆς εὐσταθείας τοῦ ἀνδρός, μὴ οὕτως αὐτὸν κούφως περιτρέπεσθαι πρὸς τὰ ἐναντία, μηδὲ νῦν μὲν ὁμολογεῖν νῦν δὲ ὑπὲρ ὧν εἶπεν ἀρνεῖσθαι, ἄνδρα καὶ τὸ ὑπὲρ τῶν τυχόντων ψεῦδος ὡς φοβερὸν ἀποφεύγοντα, μὴ ὅτι γε περὶ τῶν τηλικούτων πραγμάτων καὶ οὕτω παρὰ πᾶσι βεβοημένων, ἑλέσθαι ἄν ποτε ἐναντιωθῆναι τῇ ἀληθείᾳ. εἰ δὲ ἄρα καὶ ἀληθῆ εἶναι συμβῇ τὰ θρυλλούμενα παρʼ ὑμῶν, προτεῖναι αὐτῷ γραμματεῖον πᾶσαν ἔχον τῆς ὀρθῆς πίστεως τὴν ἀπόδειξιν χρή. ἐὰν μὲν οὖν εὕρω αὐτὸν συντιθέμενον ἐγγράφως, ἐπιμενῶ τῇ κοινωνίᾳ· ἐὰν δὲ λάβω ἀναδυόμενον, ἀποστήσομαι αὐτοῦ τῆς συναφείας. ἀποδεξαμένου τὸν λόγον τοῦ ἐπισκόπου Μελετίου καὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ Διοδώρου τοῦ συμπρεσβυτέρου (παρῆν γὰρ τοῖς γινομένοις), συνθέμενος ὁ αἰδεσιμώτατος ἀδελφὸς Θεόδοτος ἐκεῖ, καὶ παρακαλέσας ἡμᾶς κατελθεῖν ἐπὶ Νικόπολιν, ἵνα καὶ τὴν ἐκκλησίαν αὐτοῦ ἐπισκεψώμεθα, καὶ αὐτὸν λάβωμεν τῆς μέχρι Σατάλων ὁδοιπορίας συνέμπορον, καταλιπὼν ἡμᾶς ἐν Γητάσοις, ἐπειδὴ κατελάβομεν τὴν Νικόπολιν, ἐπιλαθόμενος ὧν τε παρʼ ἐμοῦ ἤκουσεν. ὧν τε συνέθετο ἡμῖν, ἐκείναις ταῖς ὕβρεσι καὶ ταῖς ἀτιμίαις, ἃς μικρῷ πρόσθεν διηγησάμην, καταισχύνας ἡμᾶς ἀπέπεμψε. Πῶς οὖν ἦν δυνατόν μοι, τιμιωτάτη κεφαλή, ποιῆσαί τι τῶν προστεταγμένων, καὶ δοῦναι ἐπισκόπους τῇ Ἀρμενίᾳ, οὕτω πρός με τοῦ κοινωνοῦ τῆς φροντίδος διατεθέντος, παρʼ οὗ ἐγὼ προσεδόκων τοὺς ἐπιτηδείους ἄνδρας εὐρήσειν; διὰ τὸ εἶναι ἐν τῇ παροικίᾳ αὐτοῦ καὶ εὐλαβεῖς καὶ συνετοὺς καὶ τῆς γλώττης ἐμπείρους καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ ἰδιώματα τοῦ ἔθνους ἐπισταμένους· ὧν εἰδὼς τὰ ὀνόματα, ἑκὼν σιωπήσομαι, ἵνα μή τι ἐμπόδιον γένηται πρὸς τὸ ἐν ἑτέρῳ γοῦν χρόνῳ χρησιμευθῆναι τὴν Ἀρμενίαν. Καὶ νῦν γενόμενος μέχρι Σατάλων ἐν τοιούτῳ σώματι, τὰ μὲν λοιπὰ ἔδοξα τῇ τοῦ Θεοῦ χάριτι καθιστᾷν, εἰρηνεύσας τοὺς τῆς Ἀρμενίας ἐπισκόπους, καὶ διαλεχθεὶς αὐτοῖς τὰ πρέποντα, ὥστε ἀποθέσθαι τὴν συνήθη ἀδιαφορίαν καὶ ἀναλαβεῖν τὴν γνησίαν τοῦ Κυρίου ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν σπουδήν, δοὺς αὐτοῖς καὶ τύπους περὶ τῶν ἀδιαφόρως κατὰ τὴν Ἀρμενίαν παρανομουμένων, ὅπως αὐτοῖς προσῆκεν ἐπιμελεῖσθαι. ἐδεξάμην δὲ καὶ ψηφίσματα παρὰ τῆς ἐκκλησίας Σατάλων, παράκλησιν ἔχοντα δοθῆναι αὐτοῖς παρʼ ἡμῶν ἐπίσκοπον. ἐπιμελὲς δέ μοι τοῦτο ἐγένετο, καὶ τὴν περιχυθεῖσαν βλασφημίαν τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἡμῶν Κυρίλλῳ τῷ ἐπισκόπῳ Ἀρμενίας ἀνερευνῆσαι· καὶ διὰ τῆς χάριτος τοῦ Θεοῦ εὕρομεν αὐτὴν ψευδῶς κινηθεῖσαν ἐκ διαβολῆς τῶν μισούντων αὐτόν· ἣν καὶ φανερῶς ὡμολόγησαν ἐφʼ ἡμῶν. καὶ ἐδόξαμεν μετρίως ἡμεροῦν πρὸς αὐτὸν τὸν ἐν Σατάλοις λαόν, ὥστε μηκέτι αὐτοῦ τὴν κοινωνίαν φεύγειν. εἰ δὲ μικρὰ ταῦτα καὶ οὐδενὸς ἄξια, ἀλλὰ παρʼ ἡμῶν οὐδὲν ἦν πλέον δυνατὸν γενέσθαι, διὰ τὴν ἐκ τῆς τοῦ διαβόλου περιεργίας ἡμῶν αὐτῶν πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀσυμφωνίαν. ταῦτά με ἔδει σιωπᾷν, ἵνα μὴ δόξω δημοσιεύειν ἐμαυτοῦ τὰ ὀνείδη· ἀλλʼ ἐπειδὴ οὐκ ἦν ἄλλως ἀπολογήσασθαί σου τῇ μεγαλοφυΐᾳ, εἰς ἀνάγκην ἦλθον πᾶσαν τῶν γεγονότων τὴν ἀλήθειαν διηγήσασθαι.