Letter 5004: King Theodoric to the Senate of the City of Rome.

Cassiodorusthe Senate of the City of Rome|c. 522 AD|Cassiodorus
education booksgrief deathimperial politicsproperty economics

King Theodoric to the Senate of the City of Rome.

Senators, it is certain that your council flourishes with wise men. But it is also a distinguished fact that among you the honor of letters is woven in. Whenever we elevate someone to the high office of Quaestor [the chief legal officer who drafted royal decrees], we judge them to be most learned -- the kind of men fit to interpret the laws and participate in our deliberations. This is an office that cannot be obtained through wealth alone, nor by birth alone, but only through learning joined with wisdom. For although we confer benefits through other appointments, from this one we always receive.

The Quaestor is indeed the fortunate portion of our cares. He enters the door of our thoughts. He understands the heart where the concerns of the whole realm are turned. Consider, then, how we must judge the man who is made a partner in so great a secret. Legal expertise is demanded of him. The hopes of petitioners converge on him. And -- more precious than any treasure -- the reputation of our civilization is entrusted to his keeping. Under a just Quaestor, the conscience of the innocent is secure; only the hopes of the wicked are made anxious. When the possibility of corrupt dealing is removed from bad men, good conduct is encouraged in all.

He guards each person's rightful property. He is restrained with money and generous with justice. He does not know how to deceive and is always ready to help. He serves the genius of the prince -- which surpasses all things -- and is compelled to speak with the voice of one who has no equal. A man who could discharge this office, free from vice and full of virtue, in our very presence -- is he not worthy to be your colleague? You know the distinguished lineage from which this man has advanced.

You will remember Decoratus, who labored in the work of advocacy and proved his integrity to every good man. He served as a faithful pleader in your causes. Pressing important matters, he carried the mind of the judge to the bench of the court. He rightly won frequent victories, because he handled his arguments wisely. Those who first correct themselves in the judge's eyes never suffer the humiliation of defeat. Though lower in rank, he served as patron to men of consular standing, and though unequal to your honors, the title "patrician" was bestowed on him when he was retained in the most celebrated cases.

It is exceedingly rare, senators, to speak with substance and -- when one must say a great deal -- to say nothing that falters. This quality was unmistakable in Decoratus, and you yourselves confirmed it before our judgment did. Who in his time could have been ignorant of the man who served as helmsman through the shoals of litigation? Anyone who did not seek his help surely had less need of the law. But we no longer mourn his untimely death: from his fertile stock a brother has sprouted. The one who was formerly overshadowed by his brother now, with nature having called that brother away, spreads the foliage of his own reputation in the open.

The earlier growth of this noble stock was rightly precocious, since he was the first to thrive in the order of birth. But the noble planting, having lost its fruit in the predecessor, preserved it in the successor. The branch of this family matches that richest bough which, in Virgil's verse, always grows anew -- for when one is torn away, another golden one appears, and the branch puts forth leaves of the same metal. This second brother also nourished his eloquence through advocacy. Yielding to his brother the fame of the city of Rome, he chose instead to immerse himself in the affairs of Spoletium [Spoleto] -- a task as difficult as it was far removed from your sophistication. Among well-mannered men, it was easy to uphold justice; but among provincials, accustomed to unruly freedom, it was extremely hard.

He appears to have persuaded even the lawless to accept moderation -- a setting where the judges themselves are often swept away by shameless greed, and where those who consider themselves important among their peers refuse to have their wishes overruled. To defend the law in such circumstances is difficult indeed, and it requires great powers of persuasion to recall a venal judge to the path of righteousness. Receive, therefore, senators, our judgment with pleasure, and let your body gratefully welcome Honoratus, now elevated to the office of Quaestor. He deserves your affection, for he has been found worthy of such great honors.

Modern English rendering for readability. See the 19th-century translation or original Latin/Greek for scholarly use.

Related Letters