Letter 8031: It is a matter of deep concern to us that the liberal arts -- which have always been the glory of Rome -- should...
Cassiodorus→Severus, of Aquileia|c. 522 AD|Cassiodorus
education books
From: Athalaric (through Cassiodorus), King of the Ostrogoths
To: Severus
Date: ~527 AD
Context: A learned letter on the importance of liberal education, ordering Severus to ensure that teachers of grammar, rhetoric, and law in Rome continue to receive their salaries.
It is a matter of deep concern to us that the liberal arts -- which have always been the glory of Rome -- should continue to flourish under our reign. The cultivation of the mind is the foundation upon which civilization rests. Without skilled teachers, the next generation will lack the knowledge to govern, to plead in the courts, to write the letters and laws that hold the state together. We did not conquer Italy in order to let its intellectual heritage decay.
We have therefore learned with displeasure that the salaries of certain teachers of grammar, rhetoric, and law in Rome have fallen into arrears. This is unacceptable. Knowledge is not a luxury; it is a necessity. The teacher who shapes young minds performs a service as vital as the soldier who guards the frontier. We order that all outstanding payments be made promptly and that the regular stipends continue without interruption.
Let those who devote their lives to learning know that they have our full support. The student who masters the liberal arts today will be the statesman, the advocate, the administrator of tomorrow. A kingdom that values education values its own future. We are determined that under our rule, Rome shall remain what it has always been -- the capital of learning as well as of empire.
XXXI.
SEVERO V. S. ATHALARICUS REX.
[1] Cum te praefectorum consiliis laudabiliter inhaerentem omnia didicisse credamus, quae ad rei publicae statum pertinent componendum, maxime cognovisti litteris eruditus pulchram esse faciem civitatum, quae populorum probantur habere conventum. sic enim et in illis splendet libertatis ornatus et nostris ordinationibus necessarius servit effectus. feris datum est agros silvasque quaerere, hominibus autem focos patrios supra cuncta diligere. [2] Aves ipsae gregatim volant, quae innoxia voluntate mitescunt: canori turdi amant sui generis densitatem: strepentes sturni compares sequuntur indesinenter exercitus: murmurantes palumbi proprias diligunt cohortes et quicquid ad simplicem pertinet vitam, adunationis gratiam non refutat. [3] Contra animosi accipitres, aquilae venatrices et supra omnes alites acutius intuentes volatus solitarios concupiscunt, quia rapaces insidiae innoxia conventicula non requirunt. ambiunt enim aliquid soli agere, qui praedam cum altero non desiderant invenire. sic mortalium voluntas plerumque detestabilis est, quae conspectum hominum probatur effugere, nec potest de illo aliquid boni veraciter credi, cuius vitae testis non potest inveniri. [4] Redeant possessores et curiales Bruttii: in civitatibus suis coloni sunt, qui agros iugiter colunt. patiantur se a rusticitate divisos, quibus et honores dedimus et actiones publicas probabili aestimatione commisimus, in ea praesertim regione, ubi affatim veniunt inelaboratae deliciae: [5] Ceres ibi multa fecunditate luxuriat: Pallas etiam non minima largitate congaudet: plana rident pascuis fecundis, erecta vindemiis: abundat multifariis animalium gregibus, sed equinis maxime gloriatur armentis: merito, quando ardenti tempore tale est vernum silvarum, ut nec muscarum aculeis animalia fatigentur et herbarum semper virentium satietatibus expleantur. videas per cacumina montium rivos ire purissimos et quasi ex edito profluant, sic per Alpium summa decurrunt. additur, quod utroque latere copiosa marina possidet frequentatione commercia, ut et propriis fructibus affluenter exuberet et peregrino penu vicinitate litorum compleatur. vivunt illic rustici epulis urbanorum, mediocres autem abundantia praepotentum, ut nec minima ibi fortuna copiis probetur excepta. [6] Hanc ergo provinciam civitatibus nolunt incolere, quam vel in agris suis se fatentur omnino diligere? quid prodest tantos viros latere litteris defaecatos? pueri liberalium scholarum conventum quaerunt et mox foro potuerint esse digni, statim incipiunt agresti habitatione nesciri: proficiunt, ut dediscant: erudiuntur, ut neglegant et cum agros diligunt, se amare non norunt. quaerat eruditus, ubi possit existere gloriosus: prudens frequentiam non respuat hominum, in qua se novit esse laudandum. alioquin virtutibus fama tollitur, si earum merita in hominibus nesciantur. [7] Nam quale desiderium est civium frequentiam deserere, cum aliquas quoque avium conversationi humanae se videant velle miscere? mortalium enim penatibus fiducialiter nidos philomena suspendit et inter commanentium turbas pullos nutrit intrepida. foedum ergo nimis est nobili filios in desolationibus educare, cum frequentationi humanae videat alites sua pignora commisisse. redeant igitur civitates in pristinum decus: nullus amoenitatem ruris praeponat moenibus antiquorum. [8] Quomodo potest in pace refugi, pro qua oportet bellum, ne vastetur, assumi? cui enim minus grata nobilium videatur occursio? cui non affectuosum sit cum paribus miscere sermonem, forum petere, honestas artes invisere, causas proprias legibus expedire, interdum Palamediacis calculis occupari, ad balneas ire cum sociis, prandia mutuis apparatibus exhibere? caret profecto omnibus his, qui vitam suam vult semper habere cum famulis. [9] Sed ne ulterius in eandem consuetudinem mens aliter inbuta relabatur, datis fideiussoribus tam possessores quam curiales sub aestimatione virium poena interposita promittant anni parte maiore in civitatibus se manere, quas habitare delegerint. sic fit, ut eis nec ornatus desit civium nec voluptas denegetur agrorum.
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From:Athalaric (through Cassiodorus), King of the Ostrogoths
To:Severus
Date:~527 AD
Context:A learned letter on the importance of liberal education, ordering Severus to ensure that teachers of grammar, rhetoric, and law in Rome continue to receive their salaries.
It is a matter of deep concern to us that the liberal arts -- which have always been the glory of Rome -- should continue to flourish under our reign. The cultivation of the mind is the foundation upon which civilization rests. Without skilled teachers, the next generation will lack the knowledge to govern, to plead in the courts, to write the letters and laws that hold the state together. We did not conquer Italy in order to let its intellectual heritage decay.
We have therefore learned with displeasure that the salaries of certain teachers of grammar, rhetoric, and law in Rome have fallen into arrears. This is unacceptable. Knowledge is not a luxury; it is a necessity. The teacher who shapes young minds performs a service as vital as the soldier who guards the frontier. We order that all outstanding payments be made promptly and that the regular stipends continue without interruption.
Let those who devote their lives to learning know that they have our full support. The student who masters the liberal arts today will be the statesman, the advocate, the administrator of tomorrow. A kingdom that values education values its own future. We are determined that under our rule, Rome shall remain what it has always been -- the capital of learning as well as of empire.
Modern English rendering for readability. See the 19th-century translation or original Latin/Greek for scholarly use.