Letter 9018: Ancient wisdom providently decreed that the public should be admonished by general edicts, through which every...

CassiodorusAll subjects|c. 522 AD|Cassiodorus
imperial politics
From: Cassiodorus, on behalf of King Athalaric
To: All subjects (an edict)
Date: ~522 AD
Context: A remarkable general edict against violence and lawlessness, issued in elegant literary form, comparing criminals to beasts and declaring that internal vices are worse than external enemies.

Ancient wisdom providently decreed that the public should be admonished by general edicts, through which every offense is corrected while the individual offender's dignity is spared. Everyone thinks the warning is aimed at them when no one is singled out, and the man who happens to be cleansed under a general proclamation becomes indistinguishable from the innocent. By this means our true devotion is also preserved: fear is born without the sword being drawn, and correction is achieved without bloodshed. We are moved while at peace, we threaten while at rest, and we are angry with clemency -- since we condemn only the vices, not the persons.

For some time now, the complaints of various people have buzzed in our ears with persistent whispering that certain individuals, despising civilized behavior, have chosen to live with bestial savagery. Reverting to the primitive state of nature, they consider human law hatefully alien to themselves. We have now judged it fitting to suppress these people at the very moment when we are resisting the enemies of the state by divine power. Both are harmful, both must be driven out -- but internal vices strike all the more dangerously because they come from within...

Modern English rendering for readability. See the 19th-century translation or original Latin/Greek for scholarly use.

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