Letter 177: On the blessed Aphrodisios, your brother, presbyter in the faith.
To Theodotos the Presbyter. What is the meaning of \"Ir\" in Daniel. Since you asked what the meaning of \"Ir\" is by way of a riddle, and the question of the holy ones is the inquiry — for this has been omitted in the interpretation of Daniel — know this: Since the barbarian king, on account of his excessive power and his belief that he held an invincible kingdom, fell into arrogance, so that he imagined himself to be beyond human limitations and reckoned himself worthy of a divine status, the heavenly watchers — the Ir — were sent to announce the divine decree of humiliation upon him. The term \"Ir\" refers to the angelic watchers who keep vigilant guard over the affairs of the world on behalf of divine providence. Their sentence upon Nebuchadnezzar was intended not merely as punishment but as correction, demonstrating to all earthly rulers that no matter how great their power may seem, they remain subject to the authority of the God of heaven, who sets up kings and brings them down according to his righteous will.
AI-assisted translation — This translation was produced with AI assistance and has not been peer-reviewed. See the 19th-century translation or original Latin/Greek below for scholarly use.
Latin / Greek Original
ΡΟΖ'. – ΘΕΟΔΟΤΩ ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΕΡΩ.
Τί ἐστι τὸ, Εἰρ, παρὰ Δανιήλ.
Ἐπειδὴ ἔφης τί ἐστι διὰ συγκρίματος Εἰρ ὁ λό-
γος (85), καὶ ῥῆμα ἁγίων τὸ ἐπερώτημα (τοῦτο γὰρ
παραλελεῖφθαι τῷ Δανιὴλ εἰς τὴν ἑρμηνείαν), ἴσθι·
ὅτι Ἐπειδὴ ὑπὸ τῆς ἄγαν ἐξουσίας, καὶ τοῦ ἅμαχον
οἴεσθαι ἔχειν τὴν βασιλείαν ὁ βάρβαρος εἰς ὑπερ-
ηφανίαν ἐξέπεσεν, ὡς ἔξω μὲν τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων
ὀρῴη (86) ἑαυτὸν εἶναι νομίσαι, εἰς δὲ θείαν λῆξιν
ἐγκρίνειν, ἔμελλε δὲ κόπτεσθαι· τοῦτο γὰρ ἡ τοῦ
ὀφθέντος δένδρου ἐκτομή διεμαρτύρετο· οὐ μόνον τῷ
φόβῳ τῶν ὀφθέντων, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ σχηματισμῷ σω-
φρονέστερον αὐτὸν ἐργάσασθαι ἐθελήσας, ὥσπερ καὶ
ἐπὶ βασιλικοῦ δικαστηρίου σχηματίζει τὴν διήγησιν,
τοῦ μὲν βασιλέως ἀποφαινομένου, τοῦ δὲ στρατηγοῦ
ἑρμηνεύοντος, τουτέστι διαγγέλλοντος τὴν ψῆφον
(τὸ γὰρ σύγκριμα ἑρμηνείαν λέγει), τῶν δὲ στρα-
τιωτῶν εἰς ἔργον ταύτην ἀγόντων. Εἰρ μὲν γὰρ τὸν
τὸ κήρυγμα τῆς ἀποφάσεως ποιησάμενον ἔφησεν
οἱονεὶ ἀρχάγγελον· Εἰρ γὰρ ἐρμηνεύεται ἄγρυπνος·
ἁγίους δὲ τοὺς τὸ δένδρον ἐκτέμνειν προσταχθέντας
ἀγγέλους. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ μὴ τὴν ἀπόφασιν κωλύειν
οἷοί τ᾽ ἦσαν· μετὰ σπουδῆς γὰρ καὶ κραυγῆς ἐξ-
ενήνεκτο· ἐλπὶς δὲ τις ὑπεφαίνετο σωτηρίας, τῶν
ῥιζῶν μενουσῶν, ἐπερωτῶσι, τουτέστιν ἀξιοῦσιν,
ὥστε τὸν ὡρισμένον χρόνον μαθεῖν. Ὁ δὲ οὐ τοῦτο
μόνον (87), ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν αὐτοὺς ἐκδιδάσκει,
Ἵνα γὰρ, φησὶ, γνῶσιν οἱ ζῶντες, ὅτι κυριεύει ὁ
Ὑψιστος τῆς βασιλείας τῶν οὐρανῶν (88).
ΡΟΖ'. – ΠΕΤΡΩ ΑΝΑΓΝΩΣΤΗ.
Εἰ καὶ τὸ ἰατρεῖον, ὦ βέλτιστε, κοινὸν, καὶ τὰ
βοηθήματα πᾶσι πρόκειται, διὰ τοῦθ᾽ ἡ θεραπεία οὐκ
ἔστι κοινὴ, ἐπειδὴ παρὰ τὴν τῶν χρωμένων προαίω
ρεσιν γίνεται. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ μεταχειρισάμενος τὸ
βοήθημα, καὶ ἐπιθεὶς τῷ τραύματι, ἀπώνατο τῆς
ἱατρείας. Ὁ δ' ἀμελήσας, μεῖζον καὶ ἀργαλεώτερον
εἰργάσατο τὸ νόσημα, καὶ εἰς τὴν ἐλεεινοτάτην κατ-
έστρεψε τελευτήν. Μὴ τοίνυν ἀλγῶμεν θεραπευό
"μενοι, ἀλλὰ φέρωμεν τὰς πικρὰς τῆς τοιαύτης ἰα-
τρείας μεθόδους. "Ηδιστον μὲν γὰρ ὕστερον ἀποτίκτει
τὸν καρπόν. ᾿Ανάγκη γὰρ τὰ διὰ ῥαθυμίαν πταισθέντα
πόνοις ἀφανίσαι, καὶ τὰς ἥττας κινδύνοις πολλοῖς
ἀναμαχέσασθαι.
ΠΟΗ. – ΗΛΙΑ ΔΙΑΚΟΝΩ.
Α Ταῦτα δὲ δρῶντες δυσχεραίνουσιν, ὅτι παρ' Ἑλλή
νων τε καὶ Ἰουδαίων κωμῳδοῦνται. Σε μὲν ἐλέγχειν
ὡς λογοποιὸν οὐκ ἔχω· ἠδέως δὲ τοὺς ταῦτα δρῶντας
(οὐδὲ γὰρ κατὰ πάντων τὴν ψήφον ἐνεκτέον) ἐροί
μην· Τί δή ποτε τἀναντία ὧν φατε διαπράττεσθε;
Τί ἄλλα μὲν διδάσκειν, ἄλλα δὲ ποιεῖν ἐπιχειρεῖτε ;
Τι Ἑλλήνων τε καὶ Ἰουδαίων τὴν γλῶτταν ἀκονᾶτε,
xαὶ κατὰ τῆς θειοτάτης θρησκείας ὁπλίζεσθαι πα-
ρασκευάζετε, οὓς ἀρετῇ χρὴ, ἀλλ᾽ οὐ δυναστείᾳ
χειρωθῆναι; Η οὖν παυστέον τούτων τῶν πράξεων,
ἢ μηδένα τοσοῦτον αἰτιατέον τοῦ πάντα φαύλως
ἔχειν, ἢ ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς.
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