Letter 1

UnknownSeverus, of Aquileia|c. 393 AD|paulinus nola
barbarian invasionmonasticismproperty economics
From: Paulinus of Nola, monk and later bishop
To: Sulpicius Severus, ascetic and writer
Date: ~393 AD
Context: Paulinus's first surviving letter — a passionate defense of the ascetic life they have both chosen, encouraging Severus to ignore worldly critics, saturated with Biblical quotation and burning conviction.

Paulinus, servant of Christ Jesus, to Severus, dearest brother according to our common faith in God the Father and Christ Jesus our Savior, greetings.

"How sweet are your words to my taste, sweeter than honey to my mouth" [Psalm 119:103]. I truly felt, as if my heart had been anointed with the honey of your discourse, the truth of Scripture that says "good words fatten the bones" [Proverbs 15:30] — not those bones whose framework holds our bodies together, but the ones that support the firmness of the inner person: hope, faith, and love. These are the bowels of mercy and the bones of patience and the limbs of every virtue. You have nourished these bones and limbs and innermost parts with your holy words of hope, faith, and love. You showed me that your hope in the Lord is fixed, your faith in the Lord is constant, and the fullness of your love in Christ — like God's own love for us — endures. For you told me, as I anxiously and eagerly waited (and I expected nothing less of you — or rather of God, who works and perfects his power even in the weak), that you have increased your heavenly patrimony through the healthy shedding of earthly burdens: you traded the price of a fragile fortune for heaven and for Christ, truly understanding the needs of the poor, in whom Christ — as he himself taught — is hidden, fed, and lent to [Matthew 25:40].

Let this be "the stench of death to those who are perishing" [2 Corinthians 2:16], for whom the flesh and cross of the living God are foolishness or scandal — because flesh and blood, which they serve, do not reveal that Christ Jesus is the Son of God [Matthew 16:17]. But for us, let faith in his flesh and death become "the fragrance of life leading to life." And let our feet not be moved from the Lord's ways and the narrow path [Matthew 7:14], dearest brother, if from time to time the profane or foolish words of certain worldly people bark around us. For we are well enough instructed through Sacred Scripture about both them and ourselves. Of them the blessed apostle tells us: "We labor and are reviled because we hope in the living God, who is the Savior of all people, especially of the faithful" [1 Timothy 4:10]. And the Lord himself, whose reasoning you wish to explain to these people, foretold both their venom in conversation and their deserts in punishment: "Woe to those who cause one of these little ones who believe in me to stumble! It would be better for him to have a millstone hung around his neck and to be thrown into the depths of the sea" [Matthew 18:6]. But to us he says: "Blessed are you when people insult you and say every kind of evil against you and revile my name as wicked. Rejoice and be glad, for your reward is great in heaven" [Matthew 5:11-12].

Holding fast to these words of the Lord, my brother, let us both strengthen our own faith and dismiss the reproaches and hatred of unbelievers. "For they walk in darkness, because the sun of justice has not risen for them" [cf. Malachi 4:2]. "The venom of asps is under their lips" [Psalm 140:3], which infects the mind and kills the soul if, once received through the ears, it penetrates the heart.

Modern English rendering for readability. See the 19th-century translation or original Latin/Greek for scholarly use.

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