Letter 5

UnknownSeverus, of Aquileia|c. 396 AD|paulinus nola
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From: Paulinus of Nola
To: Sulpicius Severus, ascetic and writer
Date: ~396 AD
Context: A long, rich letter that opens with a meditation on presence and absence in Christian friendship, then launches into an extended theological excursus on the Queen of Sheba as a model of faith, and on the true meaning of marriage and earthly attachment.

Paulinus to his brother Severus.

And you thought you needed an excuse, dearest brother, for not coming to us in person as you had promised and we had expected? In fact, you came in the better part of yourself — in the part that matters more than where you physically stayed. With only your body remaining at home, you came to us in will, in spirit, and in speech. And you were not even entirely absent in body, since through your servants — bound to you in holy service in the Lord — members of your very body came to us. Therefore, my brother, truly holy, deservedly dearest, and united with us in Christ, "there is already laid up for you in heaven a crown of righteousness, which the righteous Judge will award on that day" [2 Timothy 4:8] to you and to all who, like you, love their neighbor in Christ with a perfect love.

For by looking at spiritual things through physical ones, we easily gather from the clear affection you show to the brother whom you see that you also possess that heavenly, faithful, and perfect love by which you love the God whom you do not see [1 Peter 1:8]. We prove this by the obedience of faith: by loving one another, we show ourselves — as you do — to be disciples of that Teacher who "loved his own to the end" [John 13:1] and "laid down his life for his friends" [John 10:15] by the same power with which he took it up again.

So for you, my brother, truly most holy and deservedly blessed, there will be a place and a reward in the land of the living [Psalm 27:13], above the Queen of the South [Matthew 12:42]. For she, a sinner — still part of nations not yet visited, yet already a forerunner of those about to be — had no written law, but carried the faith of the law inscribed on the fleshly tablets of her heart [2 Corinthians 3:3] by the spirit of counsel and devotion. Driven by self-interest and the pursuit of great and saving profit, she was stirred from the farthest ends of the earth to come and hear divine wisdom. She wanted to receive what she lacked and drink in the light of knowledge she had been missing. Already, though the nations had not yet come, this future queen was longing for her bridegroom — running after the fragrance of Christ that breathed far and wide from his prophet, "clothed in embroidered garments of gold" [Psalm 45:13-14], forgetting her people and her father's house. A foreigner by nation but not by spirit, she was outwardly a stranger but inwardly longed to become a citizen of the saints.

Modern English rendering for readability. See the 19th-century translation or original Latin/Greek for scholarly use.

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