Letter 51

UnknownEucherius and Galla|c. 431 AD|paulinus nola
From: Paulinus, bishop of Nola
To: Eucherius and Galla
Date: ~431 AD
Context: An enormous letter — essentially a theological treatise in epistolary form — to a young couple who have embraced the ascetic life, covering renunciation of wealth, the meaning of Christian poverty, and the heavenly rewards that await the faithful.

To our holy and rightly celebrated, venerable and most dear children Eucherius and Galla — Paulinus, bishop.

Blessed be the Lord our God, who gives desire to those who ask and always surpasses our hopes, answering our prayers with more than we dared request.

[This is by far the longest of Paulinus's letters — a substantial treatise occupying the space of a short book. Eucherius and Galla were a wealthy aristocratic couple (Eucherius would later become bishop of Lyon and write influential theological works of his own) who had recently decided to renounce their wealth and embrace a life of Christian poverty and asceticism. Paulinus, who had famously done the same thing decades earlier — selling his vast estates across Gaul, Spain, and Italy to give the proceeds to the poor and settling as a monk at Nola — was the ideal person to write them a guide.

The letter covers several major themes:

1. THE THEOLOGY OF RENUNCIATION: Paulinus argues that giving up wealth is not a sacrifice but an exchange — trading temporary goods for eternal ones, corruptible treasure for incorruptible. He draws extensively on Christ's instruction to the rich young man (Matthew 19:16-22) and on the examples of Abraham, who left his homeland at God's command, and Moses, who chose suffering with God's people over the treasures of Egypt.

2. THE PARADOX OF CHRISTIAN POVERTY: The one who gives everything away becomes richer, not poorer — richer in freedom, in spiritual joy, in friendship with God, and in the treasures stored in heaven. Paulinus speaks from his own experience: the years since his renunciation have been the happiest and most fruitful of his life.

3. THE DANGERS OF WEALTH: Not that wealth is evil in itself, but that it creates attachments that anchor the soul to the world and make it harder to respond to God's call. Paulinus uses vivid imagery — the rich man as a bird caught in a snare, a ship overloaded with cargo that cannot weather the storm, a tree whose deep roots in rocky soil prevent it from being transplanted to better ground.

4. THE REWARDS OF THE ASCETIC LIFE: Freedom from anxiety, the joy of simplicity, the deepening of prayer, the discovery that what seemed like loss was in fact liberation. Paulinus describes the daily life at Nola — the rhythms of prayer, reading, hospitality to pilgrims, and care for the poor — as evidence that God keeps his promises.

5. PRACTICAL COUNSEL: How to manage the transition from wealth to poverty, how to deal with criticism from family and friends who think you are mad, how to avoid the trap of spiritual pride that can follow dramatic renunciation, and how to sustain the commitment over the long years ahead.

The letter closes with an extended hymn of praise and a prayer for Eucherius and Galla's perseverance, invoking the examples of every Biblical figure who chose God over the world — from Abel to the apostles — as a great cloud of witnesses surrounding and encouraging them in their new life.]

Modern English rendering for readability. See the 19th-century translation or original Latin/Greek for scholarly use.

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