Letter 40: Theodore Studite, Letter 40; Greek heading: Ναυκρατίῳ τέκνῳ.

Once again another imprisonment for you, beloved child, but once again a monument against the ill-named heretics, and for you an accumulation of contests and of heavenly praises. For this reason it is mine to groan and weep over those men, but over you to rejoice and give thanks. Or is it not the case that you are made more approved by being transferred from guard to guard, like gold twice refined in the furnace? May you then be well-rooted, O sacred child, and may you be seen by the Master, the Lord, pure in all things and unalloyed, a vessel truly useful, fitted for every good work. Bear, then, with longsuffering the strangeness of your second guard (for I would not call him a superior, nor a priest; for no minister of God, nor indeed a monk, would assist in soldierly works, but rather would not even hold communion with one who so assists); only make clear to me how he holds you, for I think him to be of harsher sort than the former. But whether it be thus or otherwise, you nonetheless, my child, stand nobly, lightening your griefs by the exceeding joy of your hopes, and acquiring for yourself solitude as the discovery of dispassion [apatheia, freedom from the passions] through looking toward and clinging to God alone, who sees you, casting off as refuse and winnowing away like chaff the chaff-like thoughts that are introduced on each occasion by the sower of the tares. The matters you asked me to answer concerning the heresies and the baptisms point by point exceed the measure of a letter; and again it is superfluous to recount these things, which the God-bearing Epiphanios [of Salamis, 4th-century bishop and heresiographer] discovered and set down as none of the fathers did. Consult, then, his sacred book about them, and there you will discern what you desire to learn. The good Euprepianos will place it in your hands. But concerning those who are baptized I will answer more briefly. The matter for examination is divided in three. For they are baptized [i.e. require re-baptism]: the Marcionists, the Taskodrugitai, the Manichaeans, and those of their rank together, down to the Melchizedekites - twenty-five heresies. They are anointed with the holy chrism [the holy myron]: the Tessareskaidekatitai [Quartodecimans], the Novatians, the Arians, the Macedonians, the Apollinarists - five together. Those who are neither baptized nor anointed, but only anathematize their own and every other heresy: the Meletians, the Nestorians, the Eutychianists, and those of the same rank as these down to the present heresy, which in number I do not at the moment set down for you on account of the great variety of the Acephaloi [the "headless ones," extreme Monophysites] and the excessive length of the letter. As for your saying that the canon does not distinguish, but declares definitively that those ordained or baptized by heretics can be neither clergy nor faithful, consider this: that the apostolic canon called those men heretics who were not baptized, or who do not baptize, into the name of Father and Son and Holy Spirit. And this we are taught by the divine voice of Basil the Great; for he says that heresies are those things wholly broken off and estranged in respect of the faith itself; schisms, those who are at variance with one another over certain ecclesiastical causes and questions that are curable; and unlawful assemblies [parasynagogai], the gatherings made by insubordinate presbyters or bishops and by untaught peoples. And of the first he himself, adducing one example, says to Saint Amphilochios: "What reason, then, is there for the baptism of the Pepouzenoi [followers of Montanus] to be approved, who baptize into Father and Son and Montanus or Priscilla? For those baptized into things not handed down to us have not been baptized." These, then, and those like them, the canon and the fathers, as the divine Basil says, named heretics. Of the second the same Saint Basil again gives an example: "The Cathari [Novatians], they too are of those who have separated off." And if you should say, "And how are these too called heretics, and all those of later date?" - this we say and understand: that the first are heretics properly so called, because of their impiety against the very crucial point of our Trinitarian faith; but the second are so called by misuse and as derived from the first, while yet confessing that they both believe in and baptize into the Trinity, in the proper distinctness of each hypostasis [person] and not as if one of the three were one only, even though in other matters they held heretical views. Of the third the holy man himself again gives an example, such as if someone, examined in a fault, was suspended from the liturgy and did not submit to the canons, but claimed for himself the presidency and the liturgy. And just as the second are homonymous with [bear the same name as] the first, so too the third are homonymous with the second. For instance, those of old call the Meletians schismatics, men carried off together with Meletios the schismatic, though they were not heterodox; for, anathematizing their own schism, as they say, they were received by the Catholic Church. And heresy as a whole seems to be a kind of demon-woven chain, the one holding to the other, as if all hung from a single summit of impiety and atheism, even though they differ in name, in time, in place, in quantity, in quality, in power, and in operation. Since indeed not even one and the same body is one single member only, but many, and the operations, powers, properties, positions, and honors of these in relation to one another are diverse. Concerning your other questions. The first, about an orthodox presbyter who nonetheless, through fear of persecution, commemorates the heretical bishop, was answered for you before; but once again: if he does not concelebrate with a heretic and does not give communion to such men, such a one is to be received into common meals and psalmody and the blessing of foods (and this by dispensation [oikonomia]), but not, however, into the divine communion. And one must make inquiry, since the heresy is altogether prevailing; but as for being content with those who receive a confession, I do not know but that this is manifestly a falsehood; for your saying that we are taught by the fathers not to make inquiry concerns a time when there is no raging heresy and concerns those not manifestly condemned. And such a presbyter is rare to find now, one not mingling and holding communion with heretics. The second, about a Christ-loving man inviting one to perform an all-night vigil in his oratory, and whether one ought to celebrate the liturgy in it, and with whom one must. One must obey and go and sing together with them, clearly, if the one inviting and the singers are orthodox, both parties guarding themselves from communion with the heretics. And moreover one must also celebrate the liturgy in the oratory, provided that the one who holds it confesses that it is no longer served by a heretic; for it has been said before that it is necessary to make inquiry in all things because of the raging heresy. The third, if an orthodox person should receive a church from someone, and there is a custom of the people gathering in it once or twice a year and of the heretic being commemorated in the liturgy. To sing there by necessity is to be permitted, but to celebrate the liturgy, no; but if it is possible to break off the custom, then one must also celebrate the liturgy. The fourth, if it is a church in which the one celebrating the liturgy commemorates the heretic, and the orthodox man has a consecrated altar in a linen cloth or in boards, whether it is fitting to place it in that same church, in the absence of the one who commemorates, and for the orthodox man to concelebrate in it. It is not fitting; but rather, by necessity, in a common house, in some chosen and purer place. The fifth, if along the road an orthodox person should happen to be invited by some clergyman or layman to a common meal, and it should be the time of psalmody; how is one to act? I have said, and I say again: when heresy prevails and has not been overthrown by an orthodox synod, it is necessary to make inquiry both concerning the divine communion and the common meal, and there is no occasion for shame or untimeliness in these matters. For to take bread simply from whomever one chances upon is not a matter requiring inquiry, and to be fed at his table, perhaps alone, and to lodge, unless he is foreknown to be in heresy or in wickedness; but concerning the rest, inquiry must be made of necessity. The sixth, if in passing an orthodox person finds an orthodox church near a city or village, whether he ought to pray there or even lodge, fleeing from becoming a guest with laymen. One should both pray and lodge, provided it is the only one; but also, in a layman's or clergyman's house, as has been said, when a necessary hour presses, it is a matter of indifference to remain and to be fed by oneself without inquiry and to take what is for need, provided that, as I said, the one receiving is not foreknown by the one received to be of the impious or lawless. But apart from necessity, it is not good to accept the aforesaid things as it may chance, but to make inquiry and to lodge with the orthodox and, if there is need, to take provisions from him; for thus the Lord commands through his saints. To the presbyter and superior you answered well, that those now ordained by the bishop recently found in a church be barred from the liturgy, when he says nonetheless that the synod was wrongly done, and "we are lost." For why, while confessing, does he not flee the perdition, separating himself from the heresy, that he may remain a bishop before God? And then his ordinations would at once be acceptable. Or why, with the heresy set forth, did the superior bring the brothers forward to a heretical ordination? If, then, the one who ordained had set himself right, it would have been possible for them at once to perform the sacred rites; but since he is in the heresy through commemorating the heretic, even though he should say that he holds a sound mind, it is not possible for those whom he ordains to be in truth ministers of God. But if a spirit of zeal for God has been kindled in the superior and he is eager to bind on himself the crown of confession, let him neither celebrate the liturgy in the church enthroned by him nor commemorate that man as bishop. And blessed is this man, becoming an example of salvation to many others as well. And once an altar has been placed in that same church, there is nothing to prevent celebrating the liturgy there. What escaped me to indicate above, I will mention here: that, since Saint Basil says these things about those who have been in an unlawful assembly [parasynagoge] - namely, that often those of a [clerical] rank who have gone off together with the insubordinate, when they repent, are received back into the same order - let not your reverence think that this statement contradicts the apostolic canon which says, "If anyone, being a cleric, prays as with a cleric with one who has been deposed, let him too be deposed." Rather let him consider that, just as it was distinguished by the fathers which were heresies as against schisms, so clearly it has been distinguished, according to the consequent sense, which is the canon that inexorably deposes the one who has prayed with a deposed man, as against the one who has been in an unlawful assembly. For the one who knows that he is admittedly praying with a deposed man is reasonably deposed at once, having behaved indifferently and not having heeded the canon; but the other, as not thinking that the one with whom he was carried off together with a multitude was deposed, when, he says, he repents, is received back into the same order. And this also is often added in the saying of the holy man: that it is possible even for one who repents not to be received into the same order. And this statement has been issued conditionally, but the apostolic canon necessarily and inexorably. That the falsely-named Christophoros has again returned to his own vomit, I was not at all astonished, knowing his instability and unsteadiness; but that Kledonios for the sake of the truth endured for one single day imprisonment and blows from the impious, I was utterly amazed. So that, if up to now he persists by the power of God, let it not be without effect for you and for the other brothers to stretch out a hand to him, if it be possible. Concerning the aforesaid - I mean those who are baptized, and those anointed with the holy chrism, and those who anathematize the heresy - I have written not as the divine Epiphanios arranged and numbered the heresies, but as I found the marginal note of one of the more ancient men, a diligent man, and one who from the church in Byzantis [Constantinople] made the research and discovery from the books. Brother Gregorios sends genuine greetings.

Πάλιν ἑτέρα σοι φυλακή, τέκνον ἠγαπημένον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάλιν στήλη μὲν τῶν δυσωνύμων αἱρετικῶν, σοὶ δὲ προσθήκη ἄθλων τε καὶ ἐπαίνων οὐρανίων. διὰ τοῦτο ὑπὲρ μὲν ἐκείνων τὸ στένειν μοι καὶ δακρύειν, ὑπὲρ δὲ σοῦ τὸ χαίρειν καὶ εὐχαριστεῖν. ἢ οὐχὶ δοκιμώτερον ἔστι σε γίγνεσθαι τῇ μεταφρουρήσει, καθάπερ χρυσὸν διπυρούμενον ὑπὸ χωνείας; εὐριζωθείης οὖν, ὦ ἱερὲ παῖ, καὶ ὀφθείης τῷ δεσπότῃ Κυρίῳ ἐν πᾶσι καθαρὸς καὶ ἀκίβδηλος, σκεῦος ὄντως εὔχρηστον, κατηρτισμένος πρὸς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθόν. φέρε οὖν μακροθυμίᾳ τὸ ἄηθες τοῦ δευτέρου φύλακός σου (οὐ γὰρ ἡγουμένου οὐδὲ ἱερέως λέγοιμι· οὐδεὶς γὰρ θεοῦ λειτουργὸς καί γε μοναστὴς στρατιωτικοῖς ἔργοις ὑπουργήσειεν, ἀλλὰ μὴν οὐδὲ τῷ οὕτω ὑπουργοῦντι κοινωνήσειε), πλὴν δήλωσόν μοι ὅπως σε κρατεῖ· δοκῶ γὰρ διαφορώτερον εἶναι τοῦ προτέρου. ἀλλ' εἴ γε οὕτως ἢ ἑτέρως, σὺ δὲ ὅμως, τέκνον μου, στῆθι γενναίως, εὐμαρίζων τὰ λυπηρὰ τῇ τῶν ἐλπίδων περιχαρείᾳ καὶ κατακτώμενος ἑαυτῷ τὴν μόνωσιν ἀπαθείας εὕρεσιν διὰ τῆς ἐπὶ μόνον τὸν ὁρῶντά σε θεὸν ἀποβλέψεώς τε καὶ σχέσεως, σκυβαλίζων καὶ λικμίζων τοὺς ἐπεισαγομένους ἀχυρώδεις λογισμοὺς παρὰ τοῦ τῶν ζιζανίων σπορέως ἑκάστοτε. Ἃ δὲ ἐπεζήτησας ἀποκριθῆναί με περί τε τῶν αἱρέσεων καὶ βαπτισμάτων κατ' ἔπος, ἐπιστολῆς ὑπερβαίνει μέτρον· καὶ πάλιν περιττολογεῖν ἐστι ταῦτα ἀφηγεῖσθαι, ἃ ὁ θεοφόρος Ἐπιφάνιος ἐξεῦρε καὶ διέγραψεν ὡς οὐδεὶς τῶν πατέρων. ἔντυχε οὖν τῇ περὶ αὐτῶν ἱερᾷ αὐτοῦ βίβλῳ, κἀκεῖσε διαγνώσειας ἃ μαθεῖν ἐφίεσαι. παράσχοι δὲ αὐτὴν ἐν χερσί σου ὁ καλὸς Εὐπρεπιανός. Τὸ δὲ τῶν βαπτιζομένων συντομώτερον ἀποκριθήσομαι. τριχῇ διῄρηται τὸ θεώρημα. βαπτίζονται μὲν γὰρ Μαρκιωνισταί, Τασκορδιουργοί, Μανιχαῖοι καὶ οἱ σύστοιχοι αὐτῶν ὁμοῦ ἕως τῶν Μελχισεδεκιτῶν, αἱρέσεις εἰκοσιπέντε· χρίονται δὲ τῷ ἁγίῳ μύρῳ Τεσσαρεσκαιδεκατῖται, Ναυατιανοί, Ἀρειανοί, Μακεδονιανοί, Ἀπολινα-ρισταί, ὁμοῦ πέντε· οἱ δὲ μήτε βαπτιζόμενοι μήτε χριόμενοι, ἀλλὰ μόνον ἀναθεματίζοντες τὴν ἰδίαν καὶ πᾶσαν ἄλλην αἵρεσιν, Μελετιανοί, Νεστοριανοί, Εὐτυχιανισταὶ καὶ οἱ τούτων ὁμόστοιχοι μέχρι τῆς δεῦρο αἱρέσεως, τῷ ἀριθμῷ οὐχ ὑποβαλλόμενοί μοι κατὰ τὸ παρὸν διὰ τὸ πολυσχεδὲς τῶν Ἀκεφάλων καὶ τὸ ὑπερτενὲς τῆς ἐπιστολῆς. Τὸ δὲ εἰρηκέναι σε μὴ διακρῖναι τὸν κανόνα, ἀλλ' ὁριστικῶς ἀποφάναι τοὺς ἀπὸ αἱρετικῶν χειροτονηθέντας ἢ βαπτισθέντας οὔτε κληρικοὺς εἶναι δυνατὸν οὔτε πιστούς, ἐκεῖνο λογίζου, ὅτι αἱρετικοὺς ὁ ἀποστολικὸς κανὼν ἐκείνους ἔφη, τοὺς μὴ εἰς ὄνομα πατρὸς καὶ υἱοῦ καὶ ἁγίου πνεύματος βαπτισθέντας ἢ βαπτίζοντας. καὶ τοῦτο ἐκ θείας φωνῆς τοῦ Μεγάλου Βασιλείου διδασκόμεθα· φησὶ γὰρ αἱρέσεις μὲν τὰς παντελῶς ἀπερρηγμένας καὶ κατ' αὐτὴν τὴν πίστιν ἠλλοτριωμένας, σχίσματα δὲ τοὺς δι' αἰτίας τινὰς ἐκκλησιαστικὰς καὶ ζητήματα ἰάσιμα πρὸς ἀλλήλους διενεχθέντας, παρασυναγωγὰς δὲ τὰς συνάξεις τὰς παρὰ τῶν ἀνυποτάκτων πρεσβυτέρων ἢ ἐπισκόπων καὶ παρὰ τῶν ἀπαιδεύτων λαῶν γινομένας. καὶ τοῦ μὲν πρώτου αὐτὸς ἐπιφέρων ἓν παράδειγμα φησὶ πρὸς τὸν Ἅγιον Ἀμ-φιλόχιον· τίνα οὖν λόγον ἔχει τὸ τῶν Πεπουζηνῶν βάπτισμα ἐγκριθῆναι, τῶν βαπτιζόντων εἰς πατέρα καὶ υἱὸν καὶ Μοντανὸν ἢ Πρίσκιλλαν; οὐ γὰρ ἐβαπτίσθησαν οἱ εἰς τὰ μὴ παραδεδομένα ἡμῖν βαπτισθέντες. τούτους οὖν καὶ τοὺς κατ' αὐτοὺς ὁ κανὼν καὶ οἱ πατέρες, ὥς φησιν ὁ θεῖος Βασίλειος, αἱρετικοὺς ὠνόμασαν. τοῦ δὲ δευτέρου παράδειγμα πάλιν φησὶν ὁ Ἅγιος Βασίλειος· οἱ Καθαροί, καὶ αὐτοὶ τῶν ἀπεσχισμένων εἰσίν. Εἰ δὲ φαίης· καὶ πῶς λέγονται αἱρετικοὶ καὶ οὗτοι καὶ πάντες οἱ μεταγενέστεροι; τοῦτο λέγομεν καὶ νοοῦμεν, οἱ μὲν πρῶτοι κυρίως αἱρετικοὶ διὰ τὸ εἰς αὐτὸ τὸ καίριον τῆς τριαδικῆς ἡμῶν πίστεως ἠσεβηκέναι, οἱ δὲ δεύτεροι κατὰ κατάχρησιν καὶ ὡς ἐκ τῶν πρώτων παρηγμένοι, ὁμολογοῦντες δ' ὅμως εἰς τριάδα καὶ πιστεύειν καὶ βαπτίζειν, ἐν ἰδιώματι οἰκείῳ τῆς ἑκάστης ὑποστάσεως καὶ οὐχὶ μιᾶς τῶν τριῶν ὑπαρχούσης, κἂν ἐν ἄλλοις ᾑρέτιζον· τοῦ τρίτου παράδειγμα αὐτὸς ὁ ἅγιος πάλιν φησίν, οἷον εἴ τις ἐν πταίσματι ἐξετασθεὶς ἐπεσχέθη τῆς λειτουργίας καὶ μὴ ὑπέκυψε τοῖς κανόσιν, ἀλλ' ἑαυτῷ ἐξεδίκησε τὴν προεδρίαν καὶ τὴν λειτουργίαν. καί γε ὡς οἱ δεύτεροι ὁμώνυμοι τοῖς πρώτοις, οὕτω καὶ οἱ τρίτοι ὁμώνυμοι τοῖς δευτέροις. ἀμέλει τοὺς Μελετιανοὺς σχισματικοὺς οἱ πάλαι καλοῦσι Μελετίῳ τῷ σχισματικῷ συναπαχθέντες, καίτοι μὴ ὄντας κακοδόξους· ἀναθεματίζοντες γὰρ τὸ ἴδιον σχίσμα, ὥς φασι, δεδεγμένοι εἰσὶ τῇ καθολικῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ. Ἔοικε δὲ σειρά τις εἶναι δαιμονόπλοκος ἡ καθόλου αἵρεσις, ἑτέρα τῆς ἑτέρας ἐχομένη καὶ ὡς ἐκ κορυφῆς μιᾶς ἐξηρτημένων ἁπασῶν τῆς ἀσεβείας καὶ ἀθεΐας, κἂν ἑτερωνυμίᾳ καὶ χρόνῳ καὶ τόπῳ καὶ ποσότητι καὶ ποιότητι καὶ δυνάμει καὶ ἐνεργείᾳ διαφέρωσιν. ἐπεὶ μηδὲ ἓν καὶ τὸ αὐτὸ σῶμα ἓν μόνον μέλος, ἀλλὰ καὶ πολλά, καὶ διάφοροι αἱ τούτων πρὸς ἄλληλα ἐνέργειαι, δυνάμεις, ἰδιότητες, θέσεις τε καὶ τιμαί. Περὶ τῶν ἑτέρων σου ἐρωτήσεων· ἡ πρώτη, περὶ πρεσβυτέρου τοῦ ὀρθοδοξοῦντος, ἀλλ' ὅμως μνημονεύοντος φόβῳ διωγμοῦ τὸν αἱρετικὸν ἐπίσκοπον προαπεκρίθη σοι, πλὴν καὶ αὖθις· εἰ μὴ συλλει τουργεῖ αἱρετικῷ καὶ εἰ μὴ μεταδιδοῖ τοῖς τοιούτοις, δεκτέον τὸν τοιοῦτον εἰς συνεστίασιν καὶ ψαλμῳδίαν καὶ εὐλογίαν βρωμάτων (καὶ τοῦτο κατ' οἰκονομίαν), οὐ μέντοι εἰς θείαν μετάληψιν. δεῖ δὲ ἐπερωτᾶν τῆς αἱρέσεως κρατούσης πάντως, ὁμολογίαν δὲ δεχομένοις ἀρκεῖσθαι, οὐκ οἶδα εἰ μὴ προδήλως ψευδολόγος αὕτη· τὸ γὰρ φαίειν σε διδάσκεσθαι ἡμᾶς παρὰ τῶν πατέρων, μὴ ἐπερωτᾶν, περὶ καιροῦ οὗ μὴ ἔστιν αἵρεσις μαινομένη καὶ περὶ τῶν μὴ προδήλως κατεγνωσμένων. τοιοῦτον δὲ πρεσβύτερον σπάνιον εὑρεῖν νῦν μὴ μιγνύμενον καὶ συγκοινωνοῦντα αἱρετικοῖς. Ἡ δευτέρα, περὶ φιλοχρίστου προσκαλουμένου εἰς τὸ εὐκτήριον αὐτοῦ ποιῆσαι παννυχίδα, καὶ εἰ δεῖ ἐν αὐτῷ λειτουργῆσαι, καὶ μεθ' ὧν χρή. ὑπακουστέον καὶ ἰτέον καὶ συμψαλτέον δῆλον ὅτι, εἰ ὀρθόδοξος ὁ προσκαλούμενος καὶ οἱ ψαλτῳδοί, φυλαττόμενοι ἀμφότεροι τῆς τῶν αἱρετικῶν κοινωνίας. καὶ μὴν καὶ λειτουργητέον ἐν τῷ εὐκτηρίῳ, εἴ γε ὁμολογοίη ὁ κατέχων μηκέτι ὑπὸ αἱρετικοῦ αὐτὸ λειτουργεῖσθαι· προείρηται γὰρ ἀναγκαῖον εἶναι τὸ ἐπερωτᾶν ἐν πᾶσι διὰ τὴν λυττῶσαν αἵρεσιν. Ἡ τρίτη, εἰ λάβοι τις παρά τινος ἐκκλησίαν ὀρθόδοξος, ἔστι δὲ συνήθεια τοῦ κατ' ἐνιαυτὸν ἅπαξ ἢ δὶς συνηθροῖσθαι ἐν αὐτῇ λαὸν καὶ ἐν τῇ λειτουργίᾳ ἀναφέρεσθαι τὸν αἱρετικόν. τοῦ μὲν ψάλλειν ἐκεῖσε κατὰ ἀνάγκην συγχωρητέον, λειτουργεῖν δὲ οὔ· εἰ δὲ δυνατὸν διακοπῆναι τὴν συνήθειαν, καὶ λειτουργητέον. Ἡ τετάρτη, εἰ ἐκκλησία ἐστὶν ἐφ' ᾗ ὁ λειτουργῶν ἀναφέρει τὸν αἱρετικόν, ἔχει δὲ ὁ ὀρθόδοξος θυσιαστήριον καθηγιασμένον ἐν σινδόνι ἢ ἐν σανίσι, προσήκει αὐτὸ τεθεῖναι ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ, μὴ παρόντος τοῦ ἀναφέροντος καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ συλλειτουργῆσαι τὸν ὀρθόδοξον. οὐ προσήκει, ἀλλ' ἢ μᾶλλον κατὰ ἀνάγκην ἐν κοινῷ οἴκῳ, ἐκλελεγμένῳ τινὶ καθαρωτέρῳ τόπῳ. Ἡ πέμπτη, εἰ καθ' ὁδὸν τύχοι ὀρθόδοξον ὑπό τινος ἱερωμένου ἢ λαϊκοῦ προσκληθῆναι εἰς συνεστίασιν, εἴη δὲ καιρὸς ψαλμῳδίας· πῶς ἔστι διαγενέσθαι; εἶπον, καὶ πάλιν λέγω· αἱρέσεως ἐπικρατούσης καὶ μὴ καταβληθείσης δι' ὀρθοδόξου συνόδου, ἀναγκαῖον τὸ διερωτᾶν ἐπί τε τῆς θείας μεταλήψεως καὶ κοινῆς ἑστιάσεως, καὶ οὐδεὶς καιρὸς πρὸς ταῦτα αἰδοῦς καὶ ἀωρίας. λαβεῖν μὲν γὰρ ἄρτον ἁπλῶς παρὰ τοῦ τυχόντος οὐκ ἀναγκαῖον εἰς ἐρώτησιν καὶ παρ' αὐτῷ ἑστιαθῆναι, κατὰ μόνας τυχόν, καὶ κοιτασθῆναι, εἰ μή γε προεγνωσμένος ἐστὶν ἐν αἱρέσει ἢ κακίᾳ· περὶ δὲ τῶν λοιπῶν ἐξ ἀνάγκης ἐρωτητέον. Ἡ ἕκτη, εἰ κατὰ πάροδον εὑρόντα ὀρθόδοξον ἐκκλησίαν πλησιάζουσαν πόλει ἢ κώμῃ δέον αὐτὸν εὔξασθαι ἐκεῖ ἢ καὶ καταλῦσαι, φεύγοντα ὑφέστιον γενέσθαι λαϊκοῖς. καὶ εὐκτέον καὶ καταλυτέον, εἴ γε μόνη ἐστίν· ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς οἰκίαν λαϊκοῦ ἢ ἱερωμένου, ὡς εἴρηται, κατεπειγούσης ἀναγκαίας ὥρας ἀδιάφορόν ἐστι μεῖναι καὶ ἑστιαθῆναι καθ' ἑαυτὸν ἄνευ ἐρωτήσεως καὶ λαβεῖν τὰ πρὸς χρείαν, εἴ γε, ὡς εἶπον, μὴ εἴη ὁ ὑποδεχόμενος προεγνωσμένος τῷ ὑποδεχθέντι ἀσεβῶν ἢ ἀνομῶν. πλὴν δὲ ἀνάγκης, οὐ καλὸν ὡς ἔτυχε τὰ προρρηθέντα καταδέξασθαι, ἀλλ' ἐρωτᾶν καὶ παρὰ τῷ ὀρθοδόξῳ καταλύειν καί, εἰ χρεία, παρ' αὐτοῦ ἐφόδια αἴρειν· οὕτω γὰρ ὁ Κύριος ἐντέλλεται διὰ τῶν ἁγίων αὐτοῦ. Τῷ πρεσβυτέρῳ καὶ ἡγουμένῳ καλῶς ἀπεκρίθης, εἰρχθῆναι τῆς λειτουργίας τοὺς νυνὶ χειροτονηθέντας ὑπὸ τοῦ εὑρεθέντος ἀρτίως ἀρχιερέως ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ, λέγοντος δὲ ὅμως ὅτι κακῶς ἐγένετο ἡ σύνοδος, καὶ "4ἀπολώλαμεν"5. διατί γὰρ ὁμολογῶν οὐ φεύγει τὴν ἀπώλειαν, διαστέλλων ἑαυτὸν τῆς αἱρέσεως, ἵνα μένῃ παρὰ θεῷ ἐπίσκοπος; καὶ εἰσὶν αὐτοῦ δεκταὶ αἱ χειροτονίαι αὐτίκα. ἢ διατί προκειμένης τῆς αἱρέσεως εἰς χειροτονίαν ὁ ἡγούμενος προήγαγε τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αἱρετικήν; ἂν οὖν ὁ χειροτονήσας ὤρθωσεν, ἦν αὐτοῖς εὐθὺς ἱερουργεῖν, ὄντος δὲ ἐν τῇ αἱρέσει διὰ τοῦ ἀναφέρειν αὐτὸν αἱρετικόν, κἂν τὸ φρόνημα λέγοι ἔχειν ὑγιές, οὐχ οἷόν τε οὓς χειροτονεῖ τῇ ἀληθείᾳ εἶναι λειτουργοὺς θεοῦ. εἰ δὲ πνεῦμα ζήλου θεοῦ ἀνῆψεν ἐν τῷ καθηγουμένῳ καὶ προθυμεῖται ὁμολογίας στέφανον ἀναδήσασθαι, μηδὲ λειτουργείτω ἐν τῇ ὑπ' αὐτοῦ ἐνθρονιασθείσῃ ἐκκλησίᾳ μήτε ἀναφερέτω αὐτὸν ὡς ἐπίσκοπον. καὶ μακάριος οὗτος, πολλῶν καὶ ἄλλων παράδειγμα σωτηρίας γινόμενος. τεθέντος δὲ θυσιαστηρίου ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ οὐδὲν τὸ κωλύον λειτουργεῖν ἐκεῖσε. Ὃ δέ με ἔλαθεν ἀνωτέρω σημᾶναι, μνησθήσομαι ἐνταῦθα· ὅτι, ἐπειδὴ λέγει ὁ Ἅγιος Βασίλειος περὶ τῶν ἐν παρασυναγωγῇ γενομένων τάδε, ὥστε πολλάκις καὶ τοὺς ἐν βαθμῷ συναπελθόντας τοῖς ἀνυποτάκτοις, ἐπειδὰν μεταμεληθῶσιν, εἰς τὴν αὐτὴν παραδέχεσθαι τάξιν, μὴ οἰέσθω σου ἡ εὐλάβεια ἐναντιοῦσθαι τὸν λόγον τῷ ἀποστολικῷ κανόνι λέγοντι, εἴ τις καθῃρημένῳ κληρικὸς ὢν ὡς κληρικῷ συνεύξεται, καθαιρείσθω καὶ αὐτός, ἀλλὰ νομιζέτω ὅτι, ὡς διεκρίθη παρὰ τῶν πατέρων, τίνες εἶεν αἱρέσεις πρὸς σχίσματα, οὕτω διακέκριται δηλονότι κατὰ τὴν ἀκόλουθον ἔννοιαν, τίς ἐστιν ὁ ἀπαραιτήτως καθαίρων κανὼν τὸν καθῃρημένῳ συνευξάμενον παρὰ τὸν ἐν παρασυναγωγῇ γενόμενον· ὅτι ὁ μὲν εἰδὼς ὅτι ὁμολογουμένως καθῃρημένῳ συνεύχεται εἰκότως αὐτίκα καθαίρεται, ἀδιαφόρως ἐνεχθεὶς καὶ μὴ προσεσχηκὼς τῷ κανόνι, ὁ δὲ ὡς οὐκ οἰόμενος εἶναι καθῃρημένον ᾧ συναπήχθη μετὰ πλήθους, ἐπάν, φησί, μεταμεληθῇ, εἰς τὴν αὐτὴν παραδέδεκται τάξιν. πρόσκειται δὲ καὶ τοῦτο πολλάκις ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τοῦ ἁγίου, ὥστε ἔστι καὶ μεταμελόμενον μὴ εἰς τὴν αὐτὴν τάξιν παραδεχθῆναι. καὶ οὗτος μὲν ὁ λόγος ἐνδεχομένως ἐκδέδοται, ὁ ἀποστολικὸς δὲ κανὼν ἀναγκαίως καὶ ἀπαραιτήτως. Ὅτι ὁ ψευδώνυμος Χριστοφόρος πάλιν εἰς τὸ ἴδιον ἐξέρασμα ὑπέστρεψεν, οὐδόλως ἐθαύμασα, εἰδὼς αὐτοῦ τὸ ἄστατον καὶ ἀπαγές· ὅτι δὲ ὁ Κληδόνιος ὑπὲρ ἀληθείας μίαν μόνην ἡμέραν ἤνεγκε φυλακὴν καὶ πληγὰς παρὰ τῶν ἀσεβῶν, πάνυ ἐξέστην. ὥστε, εἰ ἕως τοῦ νῦν ἐπιμένει δυνάμει θεοῦ, μὴ ἀεργὸν γένηταί σοί τε καὶ ἄλλοις ἀδελφοῖς ὀρέγειν αὐτῷ χεῖρα, εἴπερ οἷόν τε. Περὶ δὲ τῶν προειρημένων, βαπτιζομένων λέγω χριομένων τε τῷ ἁγίῳ μύρῳ καὶ ἀναθεματιζόντων τε τὴν αἵρεσιν, οὐχ ὡς ὁ θεῖος Ἐπιφάνιος τέταχε καὶ ἠρίθμησε τὰς αἱρέσεις γέγραφα, ἀλλ' ὡς εὗρον παρασημείωσίν τινος τῶν ἀρχαιοτέρων φιλοπόνου ἀνδρὸς καὶ ἐκ τῆς ἐν Βυζαντίδι ἐκκλησίας τὴν ἐκ βιβλίων ἔρευναν καὶ εὕρεσιν ποιησαμένου. Ὁ ἀδελφὸς Γρηγόριος γνησίως προσαγορεύει.