Letter 486: Theodore Studite, Letter 486; Greek heading: Ἀρχιμανδρίτῃ Γοτθίασ.

We give thanks to the holy God that we have been counted worthy to receive the affectionate letter of your Holiness; yet we do not need to offer any apology on account of the delay. For who are we, the worthless, or for what reason at all should you refer to our nothingness concerning the pressing matters that trouble you? Nevertheless, since, being humble-minded, you know how to condescend even to the very least, fittingly both you yourselves have written and we have been instructed, not only as much as the letter conveyed, but also as much as the most reverend brothers and fathers who carried it taught us. In all these matters our God is our defender, and the reconciler of the charges unreasonably brought against us. And we too, the lowly, will contribute our part, if ever the occasion should arise, to clear away by our own efforts the slanders in those matters that come before us, not in order to lay any obligation of thanks upon you, but to discharge what is owed to love. For this reason we have been compelled to write also to the most God-beloved father and hierarch, the lord Philaretos, in the hope that the entreaty of us lowly ones might indeed be received, binding together the things that make for peace, than which nothing is more profitable, and by which the disciples of Christ, those called from him, ought to be marked out. These things [we say], as it were, in summary, concerning the pressing matters. But as for the rest, why were we asked at all to give a reply, when you, taught by God, possess the divinely-stamped book of the Great Basil [Saint Basil the Great, whose Rules govern cenobitic monasticism], which teaches the saving and profitable things of the monastic, that is, the cenobitic [communal monastic] life, without which it is not possible either to guide in a manner worthy of God or to be guided profitably, whether one rules or is ruled? That man, being questioned upon every matter and occasion of the sacred life in the community, has given his answer through the Holy Spirit; and he who keeps step with him has kept step with the Holy Spirit, while he who disobeys him has disobeyed Christ, who spoke in him. As for the faults that befall the brothers through inattention, it is not permitted that these be judged before lay persons, and the sacred apostle himself cries out: "Does any one of you dare, having a matter against another, to go to law before the unjust, and not before the saints?" And after other things: "Is it so, that there is not among you even one wise man who shall be able to judge between his brother [and his brother], but brother goes to law with brother, and that before unbelievers?" And it is equal to [going before] unbelievers, that the affairs of monks be examined before laymen, and that a door be opened to those for whom it is not lawful to peer into our affairs; and this is altogether discordant and disadvantageous to the Church of God. Concerning renunciation [of the world] and the tonsuring [the cutting of hair that marks reception into monastic life], since there is also a question about this: neither is it without danger to thrust [a candidate] away (for he says, "Him who comes to me I will in no way cast out"), nor is it holy to admit [someone] simply and at random and to tonsure unskillfully. For if no one serving as a soldier entangles himself in the affairs of [civilian] life, that he may please the one who enlisted him, as it is written, how much more, then, in this God-chosen army? One must renounce all things, one must be stripped of all things; it is necessary to be torn away from all things - from attachments, from kinsfolk, from friends, from relatives - and the one who is truly to follow Christ must become a stranger to the whole world in disposition, and then thus be set in order and molded into the God-ordered and God-fashioned monastic habit; and, having given proof and the testing of virtue, thus be introduced, by the witness of the many, into monastic perfection and become one of the sheep of Christ. But to tonsure [someone] uninitiated and untaught, as has been reported to us, is dangerous and most destructive both to the one tonsured and to the one tonsuring; for indeed to unfrock a monk is equal to un-baptizing him. Is it at all dared that this should happen? It is dreadful even to hear of. But if, after one has been duly tonsured - since some sink back toward worse things - such people, persisting in vice and not healing themselves of their spiritual sicknesses, must be cut off from the brotherhood after the likeness of rotted members, lest by continued contact the healthy part also be harmed; for the Lord says, "It is profitable for you that one of your members perish, and not that your whole body be cast into the gehenna of fire." But if it be possible for another to receive the one cut off, after the manner of loving-kindness, it is not outside what is fitting - provided that he be found healing in a more skilled way, and not making himself complaisant toward one who is perishing. Those, however, who otherwise out of frivolity leap away from the community, let them be unacceptable to the other brotherhoods, so that there may be a shared shield-wall and harmony in all things among all, and that they do not, one through another, dissolve one another's earnest endeavors - from which the head is not Christ, who binds all things together in peace, but who [is it then]? It is something one shudders even to say. And for a monk to have a slave, and for a monastery [to have one], is as foreign [to monastic life] as it is to have a wife; for both are inventions of disobedience. And to those who long to run back to the original state through the monastic way of life, and who have been zealous to imitate the painless life of paradise, the aforesaid things are to be rejected. These things we have spoken not from ourselves, but, gathering them up by way of reminder, from what the God-bearing fathers utter; and we beg you, all-holy ones, to pray that we may not only speak good things, but also do them in the Lord.

Χάριν ὁμολογοῦμεν τῷ ἁγίῳ θεῷ, ὅτι ἠξιώθημεν δέξασθαι γράμματα ἀγαπητικὰ τῆς ὁσιότητος ὑμῶν, οὐ μὴν χρῄζομεν ἀπολογίας διὰ τὴν βραδυτῆτα· τίνες γὰρ ἡμεῖς οἱ εὐτελεῖς ἢ τίνος ἕνεκεν ὅλως τὸ τῇ ἡμετέρᾳ οὐθενότητι ἀναφέρειν ὑμᾶς περὶ τῶν συγκινούντων ὑμᾶς ἀναγκαίων; ὅμως ἐπειδὴ μετριόφρονες τυγχάνοντες οἴδατε καὶ τοῖς ἐλαχίστοις συμπεριφέρεσθαι, εἰκότως καὶ αὐτοὶ γεγράφατε καὶ ἡμεῖς ἐδιδάχθημεν, οὐ μόνον ὅσα ἡ ἐπιστολή, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὅσα οἱ ταύτην ἐπιφερόμενοι αἰδεσιμώτατοι ἀδελφοὶ καὶ πατέρες ἐδίδαξαν. καθ' ὧν ἁπάντων ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν ὑπερασπιστὴς καὶ τῶν ἐπιφερομένων ἀλόγως αἰτιαμάτων διαλλάκτης. συνεισοίσομεν δὲ καὶ ἡμεῖς οἱ ταπεινοί, εἴ ποτε λόγος γίνοιτο, τὰ παρ' ἑαυτῶν ἐν τοῖς φθάζουσιν ἐνδιαβάλλειν, οὐ χάριν ὑμῖν καταβαλλόμενοι, ἀλλὰ τὸ κεχρεωστημένον τῇ ἀγάπῃ ἀποπληρώσοντες. οὗ χάριν ἠναγκάσθημεν ἐπιστεῖλαι καὶ τῷ θεοφιλεστάτῳ πατρὶ καὶ ἀρχιερεῖ κυρίῳ Φιλαρέτῳ, εἴ γε καὶ προσδεχθείη ἡ παράκλησις ἡμῶν τῶν ταπεινῶν, συνδέουσα τὰ πρὸς εἰρήνην, ἧς οὐδὲν λυσιτελέστερον καὶ ἐφ' ᾗ Χριστοῦ μαθηταὶ οἱ ἀπ' αὐτοῦ κεκλημένοι ὀφείλουσι χαρακτηρίζεσθαι. Ταῦτα ὡς ἐν κεφαλαίῳ περὶ τῶν κατεπειγόντων. ὑπὲρ δὲ τῶν ἄλλων τί καὶ ἐπεζητήθημεν ὅλως ἀποκριθῆναι, ἐχόντων ὑμῶν τῶν θεοδιδάκτων τὴν θεοχάρακτον βίβλον τοῦ Μεγάλου Βασιλείου, διδάσκουσαν τοῦ μοναδικοῦ εἴτουν κοινοβιακοῦ βίου τὰ σωτήρια καὶ ὀνησιφόρα, ἧς χωρὶς οὐκ ἔστιν οὔτε καθοδηγῆσαι θεοπρεπῶς οὔτε καθοδηγηθῆναι λυσιτελῶς καὶ ἄρχοντα καὶ ἀρχόμενον; ἐκεῖνος ἐρωτώμενος ἐπὶ πάσῃ ὑποθέσει καὶ ἀφορμῇ τῆς ἐν κοινοβίῳ ἱερᾶς ζωῆς διὰ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου ἀποκέκριται καὶ ὁ ἐκείνῳ στοιχῶν ἐστοίχησεν τῷ Ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, ὁ δ' αὐτῷ ἀπειθῶν ἠπείθησεν τῷ ἐν αὐτῷ φθεγξαμένῳ Χριστῷ. τὰ γοῦν συμπίπτοντα ἐξ ἀπροσεξίας τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς σφάλματα οὐκ ἐξὸν ἐπὶ λαϊκῶν προσώπων κρίνεσθαι καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ ἱερὸς ἀπόστολος βοᾷ· τολμᾷ τις ὑμῶν πρᾶγμα ἔχων κρίνεσθαι ἐπὶ τῶν ἀδίκων καὶ οὐχὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἁγίων; καὶ μεθ' ἕτερα· οὕτως οὐκ ἔνι ἐν ὑμῖν οὐδεὶς σοφός, ὃς δυνήσεται διακρῖναι ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ, ἀλλὰ ἀδελφὸς μετὰ ἀδελφοῦ κρίνεται, καὶ τοῦτο ἐπὶ ἀπίστων; ἴσον δὲ τῶν ἀπίστων ἐστὶν τὸ ἐπὶ τῶν λαϊκῶν τὰ τῶν μοναχῶν ἐξετάζεσθαι καὶ ἀνοίγειν θύραν οἷς οὐ θεμιτὸν παρακύπτειν εἰς τὰ ἡμέτερα· καὶ τοῦτο ἀπᾷδόν ἐστι παντάπασι καὶ ἀσύμφορον τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ. Περὶ ἀποταγῆς καὶ ἀποκάρσεως, ἐπειδὴ καὶ τούτου λόγος, οὔτε τὸ ἀποσείεσθαι ἀκίνδυνον (φησὶ γάρ, τὸν ἐρχόμενον πρός με οὐ μὴ ἐκβάλω ἔξω) οὔτε τὸ προσίεσθαι ἁπλῶς καὶ ὡς ἔτυχεν καὶ ἀποκείρειν ἀνεπιστημόνως ὅσιον· εἰ γὰρ οὐδεὶς στρατευόμενος ἐμπλέκεται ταῖς τοῦ βίου πραγματείαις, ἵνα τῷ στρατολογήσαντι ἀρέσῃ, καθὰ γέγραπται, πόσῳ δὴ οὖν μᾶλλον ἐπὶ τῇδε τῇ θεολέκτῳ στρατιᾷ; πᾶσιν ἀποτάξασθαι δεῖ, πάντων ἀπογυμνωθῆναι χρή, πάντων ἀπορραγῆναι δέον καὶ σχέσεων καὶ οἰκείων καὶ φίλων καὶ συγγενῶν καὶ τοῦ σύμπαντος κόσμου κατὰ διάθεσιν ξενωθῆναι τόν γε ὡς ἀληθῶς ἀκολουθεῖν μέλλοντα τῷ Χριστῷ, εἶθ' οὕτως στοιχηθῆναι καὶ διαπλασθῆναι τὴν θεοστοιχῆ καὶ θεόπλαστον μοναδικὴν ἕξιν καί, πεῖραν δόντα καὶ βάσανον ἀρετῆς, οὕτως εἰσαχθῆναι τῇ μαρτυρίᾳ τῶν πολλῶν εἰς τὴν μοναδικὴν τελείωσιν καὶ ἕνα γενέσθαι τῶν τοῦ Χριστοῦ προβάτων. ἀμυήτως δὲ καὶ ἀμαθῶς, ὡς ἀπήγγελται ἡμῖν, ἀποκείρεσθαι ἐπικίνδυνον καὶ ὀλεθριώτατον καὶ τῷ κειρομένῳ καὶ τῷ κείροντι· ἀλλὰ γὰρ καὶ ἀποσχηματίζειν μοναχὸν ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ ἀποβαπτίζειν. ὅλως τολμᾶται τοῦτο γίγνεσθαι; φρικτόν ἐστι καὶ ἀκουόμενον. εἰ δὲ μετὰ τοῦ δεόντως ἀποκεῖραι, ἐπειδὴ ὑπονοστοῦσί τινες πρὸς τὰ χείρονα, τοὺς τοιούτους, ἐπιμένοντας τῇ κακίᾳ καὶ μὴ ἰωμένους ἑαυτοὺς ἐν τοῖς ψυχικοῖς ἀρρωστήμασιν, ἐκκόπτεσθαι χρὴ τῆς ἀδελφότητος καθ' ὁμοίωσιν τῶν σεσηπότων μελῶν, ὡς ἂν μὴ τῇ συνεχείᾳ καὶ τὸ ὑγιὲς βλάπτοιτο· φησὶ γὰρ ὁ Κύριος· συμφέρει σοι ἵνα ἓν τῶν μελῶν σου ἀποκοπῇ καὶ μὴ ὅλον τὸ σῶμά σου βληθῇ εἰς τὴν γέενναν τοῦ πυρός. ἐὰν δὲ ἄλλῳ δυνατὸν ᾖ τὸν ἐκκοπέντα προσήκασθαι κατὰ φιλανθρωπίας τρόπον, οὐκ ἔξω τοῦ εἰκότος, εἴ γε εὑρεθείη ἐπιστημονικωτέρως ἰατρεύων, ἀλλὰ μὴ ἀπολλυμένῳ συμπεριφερόμενος. οἱ δὲ ἄλλως κουφότητι ἀποπηδῶντες τοῦ κοινοβίου ἀπρόσδεκτοι ἔστωσαν ταῖς ἄλλαις ἀδελφότησιν, ἵνα συνασπισμὸς ᾖ καὶ συμφωνία κατὰ πάντα τοῖς πᾶσι καὶ μὴ ὑπ' ἀλλήλων τὰ ἀλλήλων καταλύοντες σπουδάσματα, ἐξ ὧν οὐ κεφαλὴ ὁ Χριστός, ὁ τῇ εἰρήνῃ συνδέων τὰ πάντα, ἀλλὰ τίς; ἀπευκταῖον καὶ λέγειν. δοῦλον δὲ ἔχειν μοναχὸν καὶ μοναστήριον τοσοῦτον ξένον, ὡς καὶ τὸ ἔχειν γυναῖκα· ἀμφότερα γὰρ τῆς παρακοῆς εὑρήματα. καὶ τοῖς εἰς τὸ κατ' ἀρχὰς ἀναδραμεῖν ἐφιεμένοις διὰ τῆς μοναδικῆς πολιτείας καὶ τὴν ἀπήμονα τοῦ παραδείσου ζωὴν μιμεῖσθαι ἐζηλωκόσιν ἀπόβλητα τὰ προειρημένα. Ταῦτα οὐκ οἴκοθεν, ἀλλ' ἐξ ὧν οἱ θεοφόροι πατέρες φθέγγονται συνειληχότες ὑπομνηστικῶς ἐφθεγξάμεθα, αἰτούμενοι ὑμᾶς τοὺς πανιέρους προσεύχεσθαι μὴ μόνον λέγειν ἡμᾶς τὰ καλά, ἀλλὰ καὶ πράττειν ἐν Κυρίῳ.