Letter 26: 1. I have with difficulty found an opportunity for writing to you: who would believe it? Yet Licentius must take my word for it.
Augustine to Licentius -- greetings.
1. I have had great difficulty finding an opportunity to write to you -- who would believe it? But Licentius must take me at my word. I do not want you searching for the causes and reasons behind this; they could be given, but your trust in me frees me from the obligation to spell them out. Besides, I received your letters through messengers who were not available to carry back a reply. As for the matter you asked me to look into, I addressed it by letter as far as seemed appropriate, but with what result, you may have seen for yourself. If I have not yet succeeded, I will press the case more urgently, either when I learn the outcome or when you remind me of it.
So far I have been speaking to you about things that clink with the chains of this life. Let me leave those behind. Hear now, in a few words, what my heart is anxious about: your hope for eternity, and how a way might be opened for you to God.
2. I am afraid, my dear Licentius, that by repeatedly rejecting and dreading the demands of wisdom as though they were shackles, you are becoming firmly and fatally chained to things that die. Wisdom may restrain people at first, may discipline them through certain labors, but then it gives genuine freedom, and once they are free, it enriches them with possession and enjoyment of itself. Its initial restraints are somewhat hard to bear, I admit. But its ultimate bonds I cannot call painful, because they are utterly sweet; nor can I call them easy, because they are utterly firm. They possess a quality that cannot be put into words, but that can be the object of faith, hope, and love.
The chains of this world, by contrast, have real harshness and deceptive charm, certain pain and uncertain pleasure, hard toil and troubled rest -- an experience full of misery and a hope empty of happiness. And you are submitting your neck, hands, and feet to these chains? You desire to be burdened with honors of this kind? You consider your labors wasted unless they are rewarded this way? You are voluntarily aspiring to become fixed in something that neither persuasion nor force should have been able to draw you into?
Perhaps you answer, in the words of the slave in Terence: "Well now, someone's pouring out wise words here." Then receive my words, so that I do not pour them out for nothing. But even if I sing while you prefer to dance to a different tune, I do not regret the effort of giving advice -- singing is a pleasure in itself, even when the song fails to move the person for whom it is sung with such care. I noticed some grammatical mistakes in your letters, but I think it trivial to discuss these when worry about your actions and your whole life is consuming me.
3. If your poetry were marred by faulty arrangement, or violated the rules of meter, or grated on the ear through imperfect rhythm, you would certainly be ashamed. You would spare no time, take no rest, until you had rearranged, corrected, remodeled, and polished your composition, devoting any amount of serious study and effort to mastering the art of verse. But when you yourself are marred by a disordered life, when you violate the laws of God, when your life matches neither the honorable hopes your friends have for you nor the light your own learning has given you -- do you think this is something trivial, to be swept out of sight and out of mind? As if you thought yourself of less value than the sound of your own voice, and considered it a smaller matter to displease God through a disordered life than to provoke the censure of grammarians through disordered syllables.
4. You write: "Oh, if the morning light of other days could bring back on its gladdening chariot those bright hours that are gone -- those hours we spent together in the heart of Italy and among the high mountains, proving the generous leisure and pure delights that belong to the good! Neither stern winter with its frozen snow nor the fierce blasts of the west wind and the raging north could stop me from following your footsteps with eager steps. You have only to say the word."
Woe to me if I do not say it -- if I do not compel and command, or beg and implore you, to follow me! But if your ear is closed to my voice, let it be open to your own. Listen to yourself, O friend -- most unyielding, most unreasonable, most unmovable! What do I care about your golden tongue when your heart is iron? How shall I -- not in verses, but in lamentations -- adequately mourn over these verses of yours, in which I discover what a soul, what a mind it is that I am not permitted to seize and present as an offering to our God?
You are waiting for me to say the word that you should become good, that you should find rest and happiness -- as if any day could shine more pleasantly on me than the day I enjoy your gifted mind in God, or as if you did not know how I hunger and thirst for you, or as if you did not confess this in your own poem. Return to the state of mind in which you wrote those words. Say to me again: "You have only to say the word." Here, then, is my word, if my saying it is enough to move you: Give yourself to me. Give yourself to my Lord, who is the Lord of us both and who gave you your gifts. For what am I, except His servant and your fellow-servant under Him?
5. Has He not already said the word Himself? Hear the Gospel -- it declares: "Jesus stood and cried out" (John 7:37). "Come to me, all you who labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you, and learn from me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light" (Matthew 11:28-30).
If these words are not heard, or are heard only with the physical ear, do you, Licentius, really expect Augustine to issue his order to his fellow-servant, rather than to grieve that the will of his Lord is being despised -- when that Lord commands, invites, even entreats all who labor to find their rest in Him?
But your strong, proud neck finds the yoke of the world easier than the yoke of Christ! Consider, then, who it is that imposes the yoke of Christ, and what the reward is. Go to Campania. See in the case of Paulinus, that distinguished and holy servant of God, how great the worldly honors were that he shook from a truly noble neck -- noble because humble -- without a moment's hesitation, in order to place it under the yoke of Christ. And now, with his mind at peace, he rejoices gently in the One who guides his path. Go, learn with what richness of mind he offers to God the sacrifice of praise, returning to Him all the good he has received from Him -- knowing that if he failed to store everything in the One from whom he received it, he would lose it all.
6. Why are you so agitated? Why so wavering? Why do you turn your ear away from me and lend it to the fantasies of fatal pleasures? They are false. They perish. They lead to destruction. They are false, Licentius. May the truth, as you desire, be demonstrated clearly to us -- may it flow more clearly than the river Eridanus. Truth alone declares what is true. Christ is the truth. Let us come to Him and be released from our labor. Let us take His yoke upon us, that He may heal us, and learn from Him who is gentle and humble in heart, and we will find rest for our souls -- for His yoke is easy and His burden is light.
The devil wants to wear you as an ornament. If you found a golden chalice buried in the earth, you would give it to the Church of God. But you have received from God talents that are spiritually as precious as gold -- and do you devote these to the service of your lusts, and surrender yourself to Satan? Do not do it, I beg you.
May you someday perceive with what a sad and sorrowful heart I have written these things. And I pray you, have mercy on me -- if you have ceased to be precious in your own eyes.
Human translation — New Advent (NPNF / ANF series)
Latin / Greek Original
EPISTOLA 26
Scripta anno 394.
A. Licentium, iuvenem nobilem ac doctum, ipsius quondam discipulum, hortatur ad sapientiam sectandam contempto mundo (n. 1-2); abutens insuper illius carmine, quo praeceptoris auxilium ad verum vestigandum orabat librosque De musica petebat (n. 3), inordinatam vitam vituperat, precaturque atque obsecrat ut Deo non voluptatibus elegans ingenium consecret subdaturque suavi Christi iugo (n. 4-6).
Licentio Augustinus
Quamvis occupatus A. respondet.
1. Vix reperi occasionem scribendi tibi; quis credat? Sed mihi tamen Licentium necesse est credere. Nolo te causas rationesque rimari, quae etiamsi reddi possent, fidei tamen, qua mihi credis, non eas debeo. Nam et litteras tuas non per eos accepi, per quos possem scripta redhibere. Quae autem petisti ut peterem, curavi per epistolam quantum promendum videbatur; sed quid effecerim tu videris. Quod si nondum effectum est, vel cum sciero, agam instantius, vel cum rursus ipse admonueris. Hactenus quae huius vitae vincula perstrepunt, tecum locutus sim: nunc paucis accipe pectoris mei aestus de spe tua non transitoria, quonam modo via tibi patescat in Deum.
Sapientiae ac voluptatum vincula quam dissimilia.
2. Mi Licenti, etiam atque etiam recusantem et formidantem compedes sapientiae, timeo te rebus mortalibus validissime et perniciosissime compediri. Nam sapientia quos primo alligaverit, et exercitatoriis quibusdam laboribus edomuerit, solvet postea, liberatisque sese donat ad fruendum; et quos primo temporalibus nexibus erudiverit, post aeternis amplexibus alligabit; quo vinculo nec iucundius nec solidius cogitari quidquam potest. Prima haec aliquantulum dura esse confiteor; illa vero ultima nec dura dixerim, quia dolcissima sunt; nec mollia, quia firmissima; quid igitur nisi quod dici non potest, sed credi tamen et sperari et amari potest? Vincula vero huius mundi asperitatem habent veram, iucunditatem falsam; certum dolorem, incertam voluptatem; durum laborem, timidam quietem; rem plenam miseriae, spem beatitudinis inanem. Hisne tu inseris et collum et manus et pedes, cum et honoribus huiuscemodi subiugari affectas, et facta tua non aliter fructuosa existimas, et ambis inhaerere, quo non modo invitatus, sed nec compulsus quidem ire debuisti? Hic tu fortasse Terentiani servi mihi responsum dederis:
Ohe! tu verba fundis hic sapientia! 1
Cape igitur ut fundam potius quam effundam. Aut si ego canto, tu autem ad aliam vocem saltas, nec sic quidem me poenitet. Habet enim suam hilaritatem ipsa cantatio, etiam cum ad eam membra non movet, cui plena caritatis modulatione cantatur. Verba quaedam in epistolis tuis me moverunt, sed de his tractare, cum factorum vitaeque totius tuae cura excoquat, ineptum putavi.
Carmen Licentii ad Augustinus praeceptorem
3. Arcanum Varronis iter scrutando profundi
Mens hebet, adversamque fugit conterrita lucem.
Nec mirum, iacet omnis enim mea cura legendi
Te non dante manum, et consurgere sola veretur.
Nam simus ut perplexa viri compendia tanti
Volvere suasit amor, sacrosque attingere sensus,
Quis numerum dedit ille tonos, mundumque Tonanti
Disseruit canere, et pariles agitare choreas,
Implicuit varia nostrum caligine pectus,
Induxitque animo rerum violentia nubem.
Inde figurarum positas sine pulvere formas
Posco amens, aliasque graves offendo tenebras.
Ad summam, astrorum causas clarosque meatus,
Obscuros quorum ille situs per nubila monstrat,
Sic iacui nutans, ut talem omnino ruinam,
Nec qui nos prohibet latebras agnoscere coeli,
Nec persona daret functorum freta cavernis.
Protea namque ferunt veterum commenta Pelasgum 2,
Qui dum sollicitis non vult aperire futura,
Spumat aper, fluit unda, fremit leo, sibilat anguis,
Captum aliquando tamen in munera parva volucrum.
At mihi, qui nimium curis gravioribus angor,
Dulcia quaeque animae, subdulcia pabula quaero,
Varronis responsa latent. Quod supplice cantu
Praesidium nymphamve rogem et flumina poscam?
An te voce vocem, clari quem rector Olympi
Fontibus infantum praefecit, et abdita iussit
Ubertate animi longe ructare fluenta?
Ferto magister opem actutum, ne desere vires
Invalidas, mecumque sacras subvertere glebas
Incipe: tempus enim, nisi me mortalia fallunt,
Labitur, in seniumque trahit. Tibi noster Apollo
Corda replet, patremque suum patremque deorum
Conciliat, legemque bonam, pacemque cruentam
Monstrat, et abducto velamine singula pandit.
Viginti emensus nam longos forsitan orbes
Solis eras, cum te ratio pulcherrima mundi,
Ditior imperiis, et nectare dulcior omni
Corripuit, statuitque vagum, medioque locavit,
Omnibus unde aciem posses intendere rebus.
O bone, carpe iter annorum, sapientia quantum
Crescit amore sui, inveniens nova culmina semper.
Perge viam qua te soboles praeclara tonantis
Perducit, sternens in planos ardua campos 3.
Et cum luciferos praecordia vesper in ortus
Distulerit, sanctumque super benedixerit ignem,
Sis memor ipse mei: bibulam qui ponitis aurem 4
Legibus invictis, contundite pectora palmis,
Sternite membra solo, meritoque ciete dolores,
Et prohibete nefas 5, Deus imperat omnibus unum,
Admonet antistes, venturaque fulmina terrent 6.
O mihi transactos revocet si pristina soles
Laetificis aurora rotis, quos libera tecum
Otia tentantes, et candida iura bonorum,
Duximus Italiae medio, montesque per altos 7!
Non me dura gelu prohiberent frigora cano,
Nec fera tempestas Zephyrûm, fremitusque Borini,
Quin tua sollicito premerem vestigia passu.
Hoc opus ut iubeas tantum, cruor irriget artus,
Solstitio Neuros, bruma sectabimur Istrum.
Ignotus Garamas 8 solvet mihi vincula gentis
Xampaeosque lacus fugiens Hypaneius amnis
Callipidum Scythicas resonat spumosus ad undas.
Ibimus et Leucos, qua Leucia solis in ortus
Tenditur: et vasti deserta cacumina Cassi,
Queis Epidamneas aequat sibi Cassia rupes,
Unde quiescentem auroram, currusque solutos,
Sopitamque diem media sub nocte viderem,
Te suadente petam: nec enim labor aut metus ullus
Terret, ubi insontes precibus Dei audit apertis.
Et nunc Romulidum sedes et inania tecti
Culmina, bacchatasque domus, vanosque tumultus
Desererem, et totus semel in tua corda venirem,
Ni mens coniugio incumbens retineret euntem.
Crede meis, o docte, malis, veroque dolori,
Quod sine te nullos promittunt carbasa portus,
Erramusque procul turbata per aequora vitae.
Praecipites densa veluti caligine nautae,
Quos furor australis, stridens et flautus ab Euro
Perculit, et raptis privavit turbo magistris 9;
Protinus abruptis miseri volvuntur in undis:
Non forus aut prorae, non lintea deinde procellas
Ferre valent, ratioque iacet stupefacta regendi 10:
Sic me ventus agit, volvuntque cupidinis aestus
In mare lethiferum, nec terrae protinus adsunt.
Sed mecum reputans, tua candida verba, magister,
Haec magis esse reor tibi credere: callida res est,
Decipit, atque animis molitur retia nostris.
Praeteritos oblitus enim, praesentia praesto
Nunc tibi, care, tuo nos nunc de pectore lapsi 11
Heu mihi quo ferar, unde velim tibi pandere mentem!
Ante sub Aegeo aptabunt pia tecta palumbes,
Et versa halcyone component in arbore nidos;
Esuriens vitulos alet ante leaena sequaces,
Atque impasta diu teneros lupa nutriet agnos,
Mutantesque suis divisum partibus orbem,
Aut Barcaeus alet taurum, aut Hyrcania sauros:
Ante Thyesteis iterum male territa mensis,
Interrupta dies refugos vanescet in ortus 12;
Ante dabunt imbres Nilum, super aethera damae
Errabunt, montesque canent, et flumina plaudent,
Quam mihi post tergum veniant tua dona, magister.
Arcet amor, copulamque tenet communis honesti.
Hic, hic regnat amicitiae decus hoste fugato.
Nam neque propter opes vitreas, aurumque rebelle,
Iungimus assensus animorum: nam neque vulgi
Nos fortuna ruens, quae separat ardua, iunxit.
Sed labor interiora legens, vulgata libellis,
Atque animis inventa tuis, et nobile dogma
Indictum, contraque bonus responsa relatus.
Et mea Calliope, quamvis te cominus altum
Horreat, et vultus abscondat, inutile tractans:
Hoc tamen, hoc animi vinclum, nexusque fideles,
Non qui montosis firmatas rupibus Alpes
Fregit 13, et Italicas pressit cum moenibus urbes,
Rumperet, aut nostro terreret robore quidquam.
Ite procul latices tumidis anfractibus Oxi,
Aut ab Aremphaeis Rhiphaeos aut oppida Caspi,
Cimmeriasque domos seiungere flumine largo:
Maeotidumque plagae, Pontus quas obruit Helles,
Europae atque Asiae longe discrimina tendant.
Nonne bonum per utrumque latus armenta fatigans
Finibus abscidit Thalari Dodona Molossos,
Cognatosque Arabas? nec pacis foedus amicum
Sidonios inter mansit regnumque Pelopum
Sacrilegosque Phryges, quamvis pro tempore cunctis
Hospitium commune fuit. Quid denique fratrum
Dissidium, pugnasque canam? quid honesta parentum
Verbera, quid matrum furias, natosque superbos?
Est etiam superum concors discordia rerum,
Totque fluunt ritus, quot dat sententia leges.
Nec tenet unus amor, non si mihi murmura centum
Det Boreas, totidemque animas, centumque per ora
Lingua rigens adamante fremat, memorare valebo
Quae sociata prius veterum natura locorum
Distulit, et tereti limavit glarea mundo.
Sed nos praetereo, quod ab una exsurgimus urbe,
Quod domus una tulit, quod sanguine tangimur uno
Seclorum, christiana fides connexuit, et quod
Nos iter immensum disterminat, et plaga ponti
Interfusa coercet; amor contemnit utrumque.
Gaudia qui spernens oculorum, semper amico
Absenti fruitur; quoniam de corde profundo
Pendet, et internae rimatur pabula fibrae.
Interea venient quaecumque futura bonorum
Scripta salutiferi sermonis, et illa priorum
Aequiparanda favis, reputans quae pectore in alto,
Conceptum in lucem vomuisti nectareum mel,
Praesentem ipsa mihi te reddent, si mihi morem
Gesseris et libros quibus in te lenta recumbit
Musica tradideris, nam ferveo totus in illos.
Annue, sic nobis verum ratione patescat,
Sic plus Eridano fluat, et contagia mundi
Nequicquam volitent nostri circum arva coloni.
Deo non cupiditatibus serviendum
4. Si versus tuus momentis inordinatis perversus esset, si suis legibus non staret, si mensuris imparibus aurem auditoris offenderet, puderet te certe, nec differes, nec desisteres donec ordinares, corrigeres, statueres, aequares versum tuum, discendo et agendo artem metricam acerrimo studio, et labore quolibet: quid cum inordinatus ipse perverteris, cum legibus Dei tui ipse non stas, neque in agenda vita honestis tuorum votis, et huic ipsi eruditioni tuae concinis, abiiciendum post tergum putas et negligendum? Quasi prae sono linguae tuae sis tibi vilior, et incompositis moribus quod offendis aures Dei levius sit, quam si incompositis syllabis tuis grammatica succenseret auctoritas. Scribis:
O mihi transactos revocet si pristina soles
Laetificis aurora rotis, quos libera tecum
Otia tentantes, et candida iura bonorum,
Duximus Italiae medio, montesque per altos!
Non me dura gelu prohiberent frigora cano,
Nec fera tempestas Zephyrûm fremitusque Borini,
Quin tua sollicito premerem vestigia passu.
Hoc opus, ut iubeas tantum.
Me miserum, si ego non iubeo, si non cogo atque impero, si non rogo ac supplico. Sed si aures tuae adversus meas voces clausae sunt, ori tuo pateant, pateant carmini tuo; exaudi teipsum, durissime, immanissime, surdissime. Quo mihi linguam auream et cor ferreum? quibus ego non carminibus, sed lamentationibus sufficiam plangere carmina tua, in quibus video, quam animam, quod ingenium non mihi liceat apprehendere, et immolare Deo nostro? Exspectas ut ego iubeam, sis bonus, sis quietus, sis beatus; quasi quidquam mihi dierum gratius illucescat, quam ut ingenio tuo fruar in Domino, aut vere tu nescias quam te esuriam et sitiam, aut non hoc ipso id carmine fatearis. Revoca animum quo ista scripsisti, nunc mihi dic: Hoc opus, ut iubeas tantum. Ecce iussum meum: da mihi te, si hoc opus est tantum; da Domino meo te, qui omnium nostrum dominus est, qui tibi illud donavit ingenium. Nam ego quid sum,nisi servus tuus per ipsum, et conservus sub ipso?
Christi suave iugum.
5. An ipse non iubet? audi Evangelium: Stabat, inquit, Iesus, et clamabat 14: Venite ad me omnes qui laboratis et onerati estis, et ego vos reficiam. Tollite iugum meum super vos, et discite a me quoniam mitis sum et humilis corde, et invenietis requiem animabus vestris. Iugum enim meum lene est, et sarcina mea levis est 15. Si haec non audiuntur, aut usque ad aures audiuntur, exspectasne, Licenti, ut Augustinus iubeat conservo suo, et non plangat potius frustra iubere Dominum suum; imo non iubere, sed invitare et rogare quodammodo, ut qui laborant reficiantur ab eo? Sed videlicet fortissimo et praefidenti collo, iugum mundi iugo Christi est iucundius: qui si laborare nos cogeret, vide quis cogeret, qua mercede cogeret. Vade in Campaniam, disce Paulinum egregium et sanctum Dei servum, quam grandem fastum seculi huius, tanto generosiore, quanto humiliore cervice incunctanter excusserit, ut eam subderet Christi iugo, sicut subdidit; et nunc illo moderatore itineris sui quietus et modestus exsultat. Vade, disce quibus opibus ingenii sacrificia laudis ei offerat, refundens illi quidquid boni accepit ex illo, ne amittat omnia, si non in eo reponat a quo haec habet.
Christus Veritas, voluptates autem vanitas.
6. Quid aestuas? quid fluctuas? quid imaginationibus mortiferarum voluptatum aurem accommodas, et avertis a nobis? Mentiuntur, moriuntur, in mortem trahunt. Mentiuntur, Licenti: "Sic nobis, sicuti optas, verum ratione patescat; Sic plus Eridano fluat". Non dicit verum nisi Veritas: Christus est veritas 16; veniamus ad eum, ne laboremus. Ut ipse non reficiat, tollamus iugum eius super nos, et discamus ab eo quoniam mitis est et humilis corde, et inveniemus requiem animis nostris. Iugum enim eius lene est, et sarcina eius levis est 17. Ornari abs te diabolus quaerit. Si calicem aureum invenisses in terra, donares illum Ecclesiae Dei. Accepisti a Deo ingenium spiritaliter aureum, et ministras inde libidinibus, et in illo satanae propinas teipsum! Noli, obsecro; sic aliquando sentias quam misero et miserando pectore haec scripserim; et miserearis iam mei, si tibi viluisti.
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