Letter 224: 1. I have received your reverence's letter and I am delighted at the title which you have felicitously applied to the writing which they have composed in calling it a writing of divorcement. Matthew 19:7 What defense the writers will be able to make before the tribunal of Christ, where no excuse will avail, I am quite unable to conceive.

I received your letter, and I was delighted by the name you so aptly gave to the document they have composed: a "certificate of divorce." What defense these writers will offer before the tribunal of Christ, where no excuse will hold, I cannot begin to imagine. After accusing me, running me down violently, and spreading stories that match their wishes rather than the truth, they have put on a great display of humility and accused me of arrogance for refusing to receive their envoys. What they have written is -- all or nearly all of it, for I do not wish to exaggerate -- lies. Their aim is to persuade men rather than God, and to please men rather than God, with Whom nothing is more precious than truth. Worse still, they have slipped heretical statements into the letter written against me, while concealing the author of those heresies. Their goal is to trick the unsophisticated into blaming me for doctrines that are not mine. My "ingenious slanderers" never mention the name of the real author of these vile teachings, leaving simple people to suspect that the ideas, if not the actual writing, originated with me. Now that you know all this, I urge you: do not be disturbed yourselves, and calm those around you who are agitated. I say this knowing full well that my defense will not be easily received, since influential people have gotten their slanders in first. As for the writings being circulated under my name -- they are not mine. But my opponents' anger so clouds their judgment that they cannot see what is in their own interest. Still, if you were to confront them directly, I do not think even they would be brazen enough to claim, with their own lips, that the document is mine. And if it is not mine, why am I being judged for another man's writings? They will say I am in communion with Apollinarius [a theologian condemned for teaching that Christ lacked a human mind] and harbor his perverse doctrines. Let them produce their proof. If they can search a man's heart, let them say so. If they are merely trying to establish my guilt by association, let them point to a single statement of mine, written or spoken, that supports their charge. They will find nothing -- because there is nothing to find.

ST. BASIL OF CAESAREA To the presbyter Genethlius. 1. I have received your reverence's letter and I am delighted at the title which you have felicitously applied to the writing which they have composed in calling it a writing of divorcement. Matthew 19:7 What defense the writers will be able to make before the tribunal of Christ, where no excuse will avail, I am quite unable to conceive. After accusing me, violently running me down, and telling tales in accordance not with the truth but with what they wished to be true, they have assumed a great show of humility, and have accused me of haughtiness for refusing to receive their envoys. They have written, as they have, what is all — or nearly all — for I do not wish to exaggerate — lies, in the endeavour to persuade men rather than God, and to please men rather than God, with Whom nothing is more precious than truth. Moreover into the letter written against me they have introduced heretical expressions, and have concealed the author of the impiety, in order that most of the more unsophisticated might be deceived by the calumny got up against me, and suppose the portion introduced to be mine. For nothing is said by my ingenious slanderers as to the name of the author of these vile doctrines, and it is left for the simple to suspect that these inventions, if not their expression in writing, is due to me. Now that you know all this, I exhort you not to be perturbed yourselves, and to calm the excitement of those who are agitated. I say this although I know that it will not be easy for my defense to be received, because I have been anticipated by the vile calumnies uttered against me by persons of influence. 2. Now as to the point that the writings going the round as mine are not mine at all, the angry feeling felt against me so confuses their reason that they cannot see what is profitable. Nevertheless, if the question were put to them by yourselves, I do think that they would not reach such a pitch of obstinate perversity as to dare to utter the lie with their own lips, and allege the document in question to be mine. And if it is not mine, why am I being judged for other men's writings? But they will urge that I am in communion with Apollinarius, and cherish in my heart perverse doctrines of this kind. Let them be asked for proof. If they are able to search into a man's heart, let them say so; and do you admit the truth of all that they say about everything. If on the other hand, they are trying to prove my being in communion on plain and open grounds, let them produce either a canonical letter written by me to him, or by him to me. Let them show that I have held intercourse with his clergy, or have ever received any one of them into the communion of prayer. If they adduce the letter written now five and twenty years ago, written by layman to layman, and not even this as I wrote it, but altered (God knows by whom), then recognise their unfairness. No bishop is accused if, while he was a layman, he wrote something somewhat incautiously on an indifferent matter; not anything concerning the Faith, but a mere word of friendly greeting. Possibly even my opponents are known to have written to Jews and to Pagans, without incurring any blame. Hitherto no one has ever been judged for any such conduct as that on which I am being condemned by these strainers-out of gnats. God, who knows men's hearts, knows that I never wrote these things, nor sanctioned them, but that I anathematize all who hold the vile opinion of the confusion of the hypostases, on which point the most impious heresy of Sabellius has been revived. And all the brethren who have been personally acquainted with my insignificant self know it equally well. Let those very men who now vehemently accuse me, search their own consciences, and they will own that from my boyhood I have been far removed from any doctrine of the kind. 3. If any one enquires what my opinion is, he will learn it from the actual little document, to which is appended their own autograph signature. This they wish to destroy, and they are anxious to conceal their own change of position in slandering me. For they do not like to own that they have repented of their subscription to the tract I gave them; while they charge me with impiety from the idea that no one perceives that their disruption from me is only a pretext, while in reality they have departed from that faith which they have over and over again owned in writing, before many witnesses, and have lastly received and subscribed when delivered to them by me. It is open to any one to read the signatures and to learn the truth from the document itself. Their intention will be obvious, if, after reading the subscription which they gave me, any one reads the creed which they gave Gelasius, and observes what a vast difference there is between the two confessions. It would be better for men who so easily shift their own position, not to examine other men's motes but to cast out the beam in their own eye. I am making a more complete defense on every point in another letter; this will satisfy readers who want fuller assurance. Do you, now that you have received this letter, put away all despondency, and confirm the love to me, which makes me eagerly long for union with you. Verily it is a great sorrow to me, and a pain in my heart that cannot be assuaged, if the slanders uttered against me so far prevail as to chill your love and to alienate us from one another. Farewell.

[Πρός: Γενεθλίῳ πρεσβυτέρῳ.] Ἐδεξάμην τὰ γράμματα τῆς σῆς εὐλαβείας καὶ ἐπῄνεσα τὴν προσηγορίαν ἣν εὐστόχως ὠνόμασας τὸ βιβλίον τὸ ὑπʼ αὐτῶν συγγεγραμμένον, προσαγορεύσας βιβλίον ἀποστασίου. ὅπερ οἱ συγγράψαντες (ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγάπης ἡμῶν ἀποστῆναι) τίνα ηὐτρέπισαν τὴν ἀπολογίαν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀπαραλογίστου βήματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἐννοεῖν οὐκ ἔχω. προθέντες γὰρ ἡμετέραν κατηγορίαν, καὶ σφοδρῶν ἡμῶν καταδραμόντες, καὶ διηγησάμενοι ἃ ἐβούλοντο, οὐχ οἷα ἡ ἀλήθεια ἔχει, σχηματισάμενοι ἑαυτῶν πολλὴν ταπείνωσιν, καὶ ἡμῖν περιθέντες ὑπερηφανίας ὄγκον, ὡς μὴ δεξαμένοις τοὺς παρʼ αὐτῶν ἀποσταλέντας, πάντα ψευδῆ, ἢ τά γε πλεῖστα αὐτῶν, ἵνα μὴ ἐπικινδύνως φθέγξωμαι, ὡς ἀνθρώπους πείθοντες, καὶ οὐχὶ Θεόν, καὶ ζητοῦντες ἀνθρώποις ἀρέσαι, καὶ οὐχὶ Θεῷ, παρʼ ᾧ οὐδέν ἐστιν ἀληθείας προτιμότερον, οὕτω συνέγραψαν. εἶτα ἐκεῖνοι τοῖς καθʼ ἡμῶν γράμμασιν ὑπέταξαν ῥήματα αἱρετικά, τὸν συγγραφέα τῆς ἀσεβείας ἀποκρυψάμενοι, ἵνʼ οἱ πολλοὶ καὶ ἁπλούστεροι ἐκ τῆς προτεταγμένης ἡμῶν κατηγορίας ἡμέτερα εἶναι νομίσωσι τὰ συνημμένα, διὰ τὸ παρὰ τῶν τεχνικῶς ἡμᾶς διαβαλλόντων σιωπηθῆναι μὲν τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρὸς τῶν πονηρῶν δογμάτων, καταλειφθῆναι δὲ τῇ ὑπονοίᾳ τῶν ἀκεραιοτέρων τὸ ἡμᾶς εἶναι τοὺς ταῦτα ἢ ἐνθυμηθέντας ἢ γράψαντας. ταῦτα οὖν γινώσκοντας ὑμᾶς παρακαλοῦμεν αὐτούς τε μὴ ταράσσεσθαι, καὶ τῶν σαλευομένων τοὺς θορύβους κατασιγάζειν· εἰ καὶ ὅτι οἴδαμεν δυσπαράδεκτον ἡμῶν οὖσαν τὴν ἀπολογίαν, διὰ τὸ ὑπὸ προσώπων ἀξιοπίστων προκατασχεθῆναι ἡμῶν τὰς πονηρὰς βλασφημίας. Περὶ μὲν οὖν τοῦ ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν ἡμέτερα τὰ ὡς ἡμέτερα περιφερόμενα, νομίζω, εἰ καὶ πάνυ ὁ καθʼ ἡμῶν θυμὸς ἐπισκοτεῖ τοῖς λογισμοῖς αὐτῶν πρὸς τὸ συνορᾷν τὸ συμφέρον, ὅμως, ἐὰν ἐρωτηθῶσι παρʼ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν, μὴ ἂν αὐτοὺς εἰς τοσοῦτον ἐλθεῖν σκληρότητος, ὥστε τολμῆσαι φθέγξασθαι τῷ ἰδίῳ στόματι τὸ ψεῦδος καὶ εἰπεῖν ὅτι ἐμά ἐστι τὰ συντάγματα. εἰ δʼ οὐκ ἐμά, διὰ τί κρίνομαι ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων; ἀλλʼ ἐροῦσιν, ὅτι κοινωνὸς Ἀπολλιναρίου ἐγώ, καὶ τῶν τοιούτων δογμάτων τὴν διαστροφὴν ἔχων ἐν ἐμαυτῷ. ἀπαιτηθήτωσαν τὰς ἀποδείξεις. εἰ μὲν γὰρ καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου διερευνᾷν ἴσασι, τοῦτο ὁμολογησάτωσαν, καὶ γνωρίσατε αὐτῶν τὴν περὶ πάντα ἀλήθειαν· εἰ δὲ ἐκ τῶν φαινομένων καὶ πᾶσι προδήλων ἐλέγχουσί μου τὴν κοινωνίαν, δειξάτωσαν ἢ κανονικὰ γράμματα παρʼ ἐμοῦ πρὸς αὐτὸν διαπεμπόμενα, ἢ παρʼ ἐκείνου πρὸς ἐμέ, ἢ τῶν κληρικῶν τὰς πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἐπιμιξίας, ἢ εἴ τινα αὐτῶν εἰς κοινωνίαν εὐχῆς ἐδεξάμεθά ποτε. εἰ δὲ ἐπιστολὴν προφέρουσι τὴν λοιπὸν πρὸ κέ ἐτῶν γραφεῖσαν αὐτῷ, παρὰ λαϊκοῦ πρὸς λαϊκόν, καὶ οὐδὲ ταύτην ὡς γέγραπται παρʼ ἐμοῦ, ἀλλὰ μεταποιηθεῖσαν, ὑπὸ τίνων δὲ ὁ Θεὸς οἶδε· γνωρίσατε αὐτόθεν τὴν ἀδικίαν, ὅτι οὐδεὶς ἐν ἐπισκοπῇ ὢν ἐγκαλεῖται, εἴ τι κατὰ ἀδιαφορίαν ἐν τῷ λαϊκῷ βίῳ ἀπαρατηρήτως ἔγραψε, καὶ τοῦτο μηδὲ περὶ πίστεως, ἀλλὰ ψιλὸν γράμμα φιλικὴν ἔχον προσηγορίαν. τάχα δὲ κἀκεῖνοι φαίνονται καὶ Ἕλλησι καὶ Ἰουδαίοις γράψαντες καὶ μὴ ἔχοντες ἔγκλημα. μέχρι γὰρ σήμερον οὐδεὶς ἐκρίθη ἐπὶ τοιούτῳ πράγματι, ἐφʼ ᾧ ἡμεῖς καταδικαζόμεθα παρὰ τῶν διυλιζόντων τοὺς κώνωπας. ὅτι μὲν οὖν οὔτε ἐγράψαμεν ἐκεῖνα, οὔτε συντεθείμεθα αὐτοῖς, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀναθεματίζομεν τοὺς ἔχοντας ἐκεῖνο τὸ πονηρὸν φρόνημα, τὸ τῆς συγχύσεως τῶν ὑποστάσεων, ἐν ᾧ ἡ ἀσεβεστάτη αἵρεσις τοῦ Σαβελλίου ἀνενεώθη, τοῦτο μὲν οὖν γνώριμον τῷ Θεῷ, τῷ τὰς καρδίας γινώσκοντι, γνώριμον δὲ καὶ πάσῃ τῇ ἀδελφότητι τῇ εἰς πεῖραν ἐλθούσῃ τῆς ἡμετέρας ταπεινώσεως. καὶ αὐτοὶ δὲ ἐκεῖνοι, οἱ νῦν σφοδροὶ κατήγοροι ἡμῶν, ἐρευνησάτωσαν τὸ ἴδιον συνειδός, καὶ γνώσονται, ὅτι ἐκ παιδὸς μακρὰν ἐγενόμεθα τῶν τοιούτων δογμάτων. Τί δέ ἐστι τὸ ἡμέτερον φρόνημα, εἴ τις ἐπιζητεῖ, γνώσεται ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ τοῦ γραμματίου, ἐν ᾧ ἡ ὑπογραφὴ αὐτῶν ἐστιν ἰδιόχειρος. ἣν ἐκεῖνοι βουλόμενοι ἀθετῆσαι, τὴν ἑαυτῶν μεταβολὴν κρύπτουσιν ἐν τῇ ἡμετέρᾳ συκοφαντίᾳ. οὐ γὰρ ὁμολογοῦσιν, ὅτι μετεμελήθησαν τῷ παρʼ ἡμῶν ἐπιδοθέντι αὐτοῖς βιβλίῳ ὑπογράφοντες· ἀλλʼ ἡμῖν ἐπιφέρουσιν ἐγκλήματα ἀσεβείας, νομίζοντες ἀγνοεῖσθαι, ὅτι πρόσχημα μὲν αὐτοῖς ἐστιν ἡ ἀφʼ ἡμῶν ἀναχώρησις· τῇ δὲ ἀληθείᾳ τῆς πίστεως ἀνακεχωρήκασιν, ἣν πολλάκις ἐπὶ πολλῶν ἐγγράφως ὁμολογήσαντες, τὸ τελευταῖον καὶ παρʼ ἡμῶν ἐπιδοθεῖσαν ἐδέξαντο, καὶ ὑπέγραψαν, ἃ πᾶσιν ἔξεστιν ἀναγινώσκειν, καὶ παρʼ αὐτῶν τῶν γραμμάτων διδάσκεσθαι τὴν ἀλήθειαν. γνωρίμη δὲ αὐτῶν ἔσται ἡ προαίρεσις, ἐάν τις μετὰ τὴν ὑπογραφήν, ἣν ἡμῖν ἐπέδωκαν, ἀναγνῷ τὴν πίστιν, ἣν Γελασίῳ ἐπέδωκαν, καὶ γνῷ πόσον τὸ διάφορον ἐκείνης τῆς ὁμολογίας πρὸς ταύτην. οἱ τοίνυν οὕτως εὐκόλως πρὸς τὰ ἐναντία μετατρεπόμενοι μὴ τὰ ἀλλότρια κάρφη διερευνάτωσαν, ἀλλὰ τὴν δοκὸν τὴν ἐν τῷ οἰκείῳ ὀφθαλμῷ ἐκβαλλέτωσαν. Ἐντελέστερον δὲ δι’ ἄλλης ἐπιστολῆς περὶ πάντων καὶ ἀπολογούμεθα καὶ διδάσκομεν, ἥτις πληροφορήσει τοὺς τὸ πλέον ἐπιζητοῦντας. ὑμεῖς δὲ ἐν τῷ παρόντι, ταῦτα ἡμῶν δεξάμενοι τὰ γράμματα, πᾶσαν ἄφετε λύπην, καὶ κυρώσατε τὴν εἰς ἡμᾶς ἀγάπην, δι’ ἣν σφοδρῶς ἀντέχομαι τῆς πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἑνώσεως. καὶ μεγίστη ἡμῖν ἐστι λύπη, καὶ ἀπαραμύθητος ὀδύνη τῇ καρδίᾳ ἡμῶν, ἐὰν τοσοῦτον κατισχύσωσιν ὑμῶν αἱ καθʼ ἡμῶν διαβολαί, ὥστε ψῦξαι τὴν ἀγάπην καὶ ἀπαλλοτριῶσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπʼ ἀλλήλων. ἔρρωσθε.