Letter 14017: Our Head, which is Christ, to this end has willed us to be His members, that through His large charity and faithfulness He might make us one body in Himself, to whom it befits us so to cling that, since without Him we can do nothing, through Him we may be enabled to be what we are called. From the citadel of the Head let nothing divide us, lest,...

Gregory to Felix, Bishop of Messana [Messina]. Our Head, which is Christ, has willed us to be his members for this purpose: that through his great charity and faithfulness he might make us one body in himself. We must cling to him, since without him we can do nothing, and through him we become what we are called. Let nothing divide us from the citadel of our Head, lest, refusing to be his members, we are abandoned by him and wither like branches cut from the vine. Your Love, most dear brother, has asked me to reply to your questions with the authority of the Apostolic See. Though I am eager to do so, I can only answer briefly rather than at length, because of pressing cares that have come upon me through the hindrance of my sins. A mind worn down and weighed under burdens cannot produce the same quality of reflection as one that is joyful and free. Still, I commit what follows to your attention for broader inquiry and study of other works of the holy Fathers. Following the example of your predecessors, you have consulted the Apostolic See -- in which you were raised and educated -- on three points: marriages between blood relatives, the vexation of bishops by their subordinates, and questions about the consecration of churches. [Gregory then gives detailed responses on each topic: regarding marriage, he explains that Roman civil law allows marriage after the fourth degree of consanguinity, and while Scripture forbids marriage within the second degree, pastoral flexibility is appropriate for newly converted peoples; regarding subordinates troubling their bishops, he affirms that such behavior must be firmly corrected through canonical process; and regarding the consecration of churches formerly used by heretics, he explains that if they were originally consecrated in the name of the true faith, they may be reconsecrated with the deposition of relics, but if they were built by heretics themselves, they must be fully purified first.]

Book XIV, Letter 17 To Felix, Bishop of Messana. To our most reverend brother, the Bishop Felix, Gregory, servant of the servants of God . Our Head, which is Christ, to this end has willed us to be His members, that through His large charity and faithfulness He might make us one body in Himself, to whom it befits us so to cling that, since without Him we can do nothing, through Him we may be enabled to be what we are called. From the citadel of the Head let nothing divide us, lest, if we refuse to be His members, we be deserted of Him, and wither as branches cast off from the vine. That we may be counted worthy, then, to be the habitation of our Redeemer, let us abide with the whole desire of our heart in His love. For he says, He that loves me will keep my word, and my Father will love him, and we will make our abode with him John 14:23. Now your Love, most dear brother, has demanded of us that we should reply to your enquiries with the authority of the Apostolic See. And, though we make haste to do this, not at length but succinctly (because of certain pressing cares that have come upon us, through the hindrance of our sins), yet we commit what follows to your attention for wider enquiry, and investigation of other institutes of holy fathers. For a mind worn and weighed down with burdens and pressing cares cannot effect so much good, or speak of these things so freely, as can one that is joyful and free from depression. We have not therefore given the preference to such cares as wishing to deny to your Holiness this and such other information. as we might find to be needful, but in order that what is here found deficient may be more fully enquired into. For, following the examples of your predecessors, you have thought it right to consult the Apostolic See, in which you have been brought up and educated, on three points; that is on marriages of consanguinity, on vexation of bishops by subordinates, and on doubt with respect to the consecration of churches. Know then that what I wrote to Augustine, bishop of the nation of the Angli (who was, as you remember, your pupil), about marriages of consanguinity was written specially to him and to the nation of the Angli which had recently come to the faith, lest from alarm at anything too austere they should recede from their good beginning; but it was not written generally to others. Of this the whole Roman city is my witness. Nor did I thus order in those writings with the intention that, after they had been settled in the faith with a firm root, they should not be separated, if found to be below the proper degree of consanguinity, or should be united, if below the proper line of affinity, that is as far as the seventh generation. But for those who are still neophytes it is very often right in the first place to teach them, and by word and example to instruct them, to avoid unlawful things, and then afterwards, reasonably and faithfully, to shut out things that they may have done in matters of this kind. For according to the Apostle who says, I have fed you with milk, not with meat 1 Corinthians 3:2, we have allowed these indulgences for them only, and not (as has been said above) for future times, lest the good which had been planted so far with a weak root should be rooted up, but that what had been begun should rather be made firm, and guarded till it reach perfection. Certainly, if in these things we have done anything otherwise than as we ought to have done, know that it has been done, not of wantonness, but in commiseration. Wherefore, too, I invoke God as my witness, who knows the thoughts of all men, and to whom all things are naked and open. For, if I were to destroy what those who came before me established, I should be justly convicted of being not a builder but an over-thrower, as testifies the voice of the Truth, who says, Every kingdom divided against itself shall not stand Luke 11:17; and every science and law divided against itself shall be destroyed. And so it is needful for us all with one accord to hold to the appointments of our holy Fathers, doing nothing in contention, but, unanimous in every aim of good devotion, to obey, the Lord helping us, the divine and apostolic constitutions. O how good is charity, which through love exhibits absent things in an image to one's self as though they were present, unites things divided, sets in order things confused, associates things unequal, consummates things imperfect! How rightly the excellent preacher calls it the bond of perfectness, since the other virtues indeed produce perfectness, but yet charity so binds them that they cannot now be unloosed from the mind of him that loves. This being duly considered, in what has been already spoken of I indulged charitably; nor did I give a command, but advice; nor did I deliver a rule to be held to by any who should come after, but showed of two dangers which might be more easily avoided. If, then, in secular affairs every one should have his own right and his proper rank preserved to him, how much more in ecclesiastical arrangements ought no confusion to be induced, lest discord should find place there whence the blessings of peace ought to proceed. And this will be thus secured, if nothing is yielded to power, but all to equity. On this account our heart rejoices greatly with your greatness, because we find you so earnest in your doings as to have a care for us, and at pains to enquire about such things by questioning us, to the end that such things may acquire for you not only glory with men, but also rewards of recompense with the Almighty Lord. But with regard to vexation of bishops, about which you wish to consult us, we know that the life of prelates ought to be perturbed by no excesses, since it is very unfit that those who are called thrones of God should be disturbed by any motion from kings or subjects. For, if David who was the most righteous of kings presumed not to lay his hand on Saul who was evidently already rejected of God, how much more should heed be taken that none lay the hand of detraction or vituperation or indiscreetness or dishonour on the Lord's Anointed, or on the preachers of holy Church, since vexation or detraction of them touches Christ, in whose stead they fill the office of legates in the Church! Hence all the faithful should be exceedingly cautious not either secretly or publicly, by detractions or vituperations rend their bishop, that is, the Lord's Anointed, considering that example of Mary [i.e. Miriam], who for speaking against Moses the servant of God because of the Ethiopian woman was punished with the uncleanness of leprosy Numbers 13; and that of the Psalmist, Touch not mine anointed, and do my prophets no harm Psalm 104:15 . And in the divine law we read, You shall not revile the gods, nor curse the ruler of your people Exodus 22:28. Hence great care should be taken by subordinates, whether clerical or lay, that they dare not to blame rashly the lives of their bishops or superiors, if perchance they see them do anything blameable, lest from their position of reproving evil they be sunk into greater depths through the impulse of elation. They are to be admonished also that, when they consider the faults of their superiors, they grow not too bold against them. But let them so consider with themselves the things that are bad that, constrained by divine fear, they refuse not to carry the yoke of reverence, seeing that the things done by bishops and superiors are not to be smitten with the sword of the mouth, even when they may seem to be such as may be properly blamed; since we are aware that it has been laid down by our predecessors and by many other holy bishops that sheep should not readily blame their shepherds, or presume to criminate or accuse them, because, when we sin against our superiors, we go against His ordinance Who gave them to us. Hence Moses, when he had learned that the people complained against himself and Aaron, said, For what are we? Not against us is your murmuring but against God Exodus 16:8. Wherefore subordinates of either order are to be admonished that, when they observe the deeds of their masters, they return to their own heart, and presume not in upbraidings of them, since The disciple is not above his master, nor the servant above his lord Matthew 10:24. Concerning doubt as to the dedications of churches, about which among other things you have wished to consult us, you ought duly to hold to this which we have received as handed down to us from those who have gone before us; namely, that, as often as doubt is entertained as to the baptism or confirmation of any persons, as well as the consecration of churches, and there is no certain account to be given, either from writings or witnesses, as to whether persons have been baptized or confirmed, or whether churches have been consecrated, that such persons should be baptized and confirmed, and that such churches should be canonically dedicated, lest such doubt should become ruin to the faithful; inasmuch as what does not appear by certain proofs to have been duly done is not in such case done a second time. This, divine grace supporting us, we desire so to hold; and we enjoin it on you, as you have requested, to hold and teach; and we wish not wantonly to break through, but faithfully to observe, what has been determined by holy Fathers before us. Wherefore we implore the mercy of our Redeemer to assist you with His grace, and give unto you to carry into effect what He has granted you to will, since in this matter the good gifts of retribution by so much the more accrue to us as the zeal of labour is increased. But we decree that every one of those who have been faithfully taught, and already stand ineradicably planted with a firm root, shall observe his descent even to the seventh generation. And as long as they know themselves to be related to each other by affinity, let them not presume to approach the association of this union; nor is it lawful, or shall be lawfully for any Christian to marry a woman of his own kindred whom he has lived with as a wife, or whom he has stained by any unlawful pollution; since such intercourse is incestuous and abominable to God and to all good men. But we read that it has long been determined by holy Fathers that incestuous persons are not to be reckoned under any title of wedlock. And so we desire not to be blamed by you or any other of the faithful in this matter, seeing that in our indulgence herein to the nation of the Angli we have acted, not as laying down a rule, but as taking thought lest they should leave imperfect the good which they had begun, etc.

Gregorius omnibus episcopis. Pretiosissimis lapidibus in diademate Christi merito renitentibus, omnibusque sanctz Dei Ecclesia mem- bris, quorum universale caput est Christus, 1285 Gregori's licet sanclzz Romane sedis ponlificio subli - metur, humillimus tamen sgervorum Dei servus. Quando catholicorum regum corda ad ea quz pon- tifiealibus sunt monitis provocanda ita ardenti desi- derio divina preveuiente gratia succenduntur, ut ab eis vitro poscantur, tanto alacri et lzto sunt anime concedevnda, quanto et ea ipsa que cupiunt, si nollent ſacere, peti debuerant. Proinde juxta filiorum nostro- rum przcellentissimorum scripta regum Brunichildis ac nepotis ejus Theoderici, monaslerio sanctze Dei genitricis Mariz, ac beatorum Petri apostolorum principis, necnon protomartyris Chris1i ' Stephani, quod esl in Suessorum civitale gitum, ubi sancius Medardus requiescere et vir venerabilis- Gairaldus abbas preesse videtur, hvjusmodi privilegia auctori- lalis nostrz decreto indulgemus, et ea plenius conſir- mamus privilegia quz a bone memorize domino papa Joanne, cowitante illustrium regum clementia, Clota- rii scilicet et Sigeberti hujus nostrz filiz jugalis, ips loco sub anathematis vincula sunt concessa vel in- dulta, concedimus atque firmamus. Statuentes nullum preditum dignitale, ea quz a przecellentissimis regi- bus vel quibuslibet aliis Deum timentibus loco con- cessa Sunt vel conſerentur, sub cujuslibet occasionis 44, lib. v, agnoscit eas longe antea ſuisse in usu; sed vagas, lepentes, infrequentes, oscitabundas, ut nune ſit apud nos aut populi vitio aut incuria paslorum. Justinjanus, in Authenticis, novell.123, cap. 32, ve- tat litanias fleri sine episcopo, clericis et Sacris cru- cibus. Quid litanias inter et processiones intersit, in- nuemus infra, ub1 de missis publicis. Gous8axv. An- tiqu'ssSimum esse litanjiarum seu supplicalionum publi- —_— -_ probat sanctus Ambrosius, epist. 40, num, 16. APPENDIX AD s. GREGORIH EPISTOLAS. 1332 specie, minuere vel auferre, vel suis usibus applicare ; A tegritate zternaliter facta preceptione jJutta finem sed cuneta que Deo servientibus monachis oblata Sunt vel offerri contigerit perenni tempore illibata et «ine aliqua inquietudine volumus possideri, eorum usibus pro quorum suNen(aiione concessa Sunt modis omnibus profttura. Concedimus etiam ut obeunte abbale, non alius ibi quicunque obreptionis as(utia ordinetur, nisi quem communis consensus monacho- . rum elegerit, aut previderit ordinaudum, Caveant autem prefati monachi simoniacam heresim, ne, potentia regum yel antislitum convicti, loco pagstoris 8uscipiant tyrannum. Quod omnino fieri prohibemus, et eumdem abbalem causa ordinationis suz aliquid dare pratsumere velamus, ne hac occasione guz 2 fidelibus piis locis offeruntur vel oblata ssunt, consu- Alpium contulit, et multos alios reditus terrarum ob hanc causam delegavit, sitos in ejusdem itineris spa- tio. Tusiacum vero et Mortinetum fiscos regios com- muniter ad stipendia ſratrum dedit, et ita omnes vil- las Deo et sancto Medardo traditas, vel tradendas, gua przceptione conclusit, ut quicunque super terras domini Medardi habitare voluerit, vel stcterit, sive 8ervus sive liber, cujuscunque Sit, alterius dominio privelur, et sanctz Genitricis servitio aptetur, nec ultra redeundi licentiam habeat. Quod si ſugerit, re- putetur ut servus nunc ejusque Sanetz Dei Ecdlesiz, De altaribus quoque jaxta inslitutionem domini paps Joannis apostolica auctoritate confirmamus, ut qui fuerit rector prefoti monaxterii, fiat prxterea alta- mantur. Et quia fama religionis Deo servientium mo- B rium przsul, et omnium ecclesiarum sibi pertinen- nachorum nosfras pervenit ad aures, quibus vir vitze venerabilis Gairaldus praeesse dignoscitur, juslis pe- titionibus pracellentissimorum regum Brunichildis atque Theoderici ſaventes, ob amorem domini Me- dardi, tantam divini konoris dignitatem et securita- tem concedimus perenni tempore mansyram. Aucto- rilate igitur diviva, vice beati Petri apostolorum principis, consensu omnium Romanorum pontiſicum et yoluntale totivs senatus Romani, suadente nobis viro apostolico Anserico Suessorum urbis pontifice, et omnium Galliz episcoporum favente judicio, de- cernimys ut nullus archiepiscoporum, vel archidia- conorum fratres prazſatz basilice de ordinatione sui abbatis vel ecclesiasticorum graduum assumplione tium, et inde preſatorum sanctorum precipuo altari luminaria exhibeantur, et hospitalitas peregrinaorum cum reverentia 2gatur. Subjungimus et aliud edietum, s] causa Copilalis criminis abbas est deponendus, non prius deponatur , donec depositores apostolicam au- ctoritalem requirant, et ita sint tres metropolitan{ cum 8uffraganeis suis et abbates quamplurimi. ln jps0 autem concilio accugatores unusquisque cum xit testibus praesentes assistant, et ita veri judicii exami- . ne probent se vidisse, ut avdiente concilio obtesten- tur. Ad vitimum vero ipse abbas rationes suz excu- 8ationis reddat, et jurejurandi pacto snpra sacrorum mysteria quatuor Evangeliorum satisfaciat. Tunc vers si convietus fucrit, correctione deponatur; sin autem, inquietet, sed secundum prerogativam jpsius loci C 8uo honori reddatur, et eccleslasticz dignitatis mys1e- vobis modo recitatam , beatissimi praedecessoris no- stri dominj Joannis papz tempore decretam, 1 28G et apostolica auctoritate firmatam , ordinationem sui abbatis ipsi fratres peragant, et ecclesias!icorum gra- duum dignitatem «uscipiant, Consecrationes quoque ſontium, et scrutinii mysteria in ips0 monaslerio ce- lebrent. Chrismatis quoque ac olei, altaris, calicis, corporalis, a quocungye voluerint pontifice benedi- ctionem expetant, ne (antus honor a quoquam Teclo- re, ullius occasionis causa vel necessilatis, intermit- tajur, ne vileseat tante sublimitatis locus sanctz Marie, et beati Petri, necnon et protomartyris, et domini Medardi meritis sacratus, quem caput mona- steriorum totius Galliz constituimus, nulliusque di- tioni patimyr subesse. Sed yelut hac zedes Romana speculationem suam toto orbi indicit, et novas con- Suctudines omnibus mintit, et omnium personarum servitio caret. ita przfatus locus, remota omni con- Suetudine pessima regum, anticlitum, judicum, exem- plum divine religionis et honestatis ceteris exhibeat monasleriis, et super ea plena gaudeat libertate. Cu- jus reclores et filii, presentes et Successuri, lantum sub regum custodia positi, admonitionem sancti Petri et successorum Suorum hujus sancie Romane sSedis pontiſicumn auctoritate proclament. Et si incumbit necessitas, adeant. Hujus rei gratia ſratribus dirigen- dis in via tanti itineris filia nostra Brunichildis regina XX Wmans0s ingenuos, et totidem serviles, cuncta in- ria recipiat, et inter sacra mis8arum s0lemnia bene- dictionem 1 287 et praedicationem juxta instituta domini pape Joannis peragat, et suz conversationis . vitam melioribus exemplis deducat. Monachis quoque hane proponimus seulentiam, ut nullus eorum invidia aut odio abbatis, quod absit, comprimatur, vel ex- tranearum personarum cengura plectatur. Quod si culpa principalis vitii deliquerit privatim intra clau- strum ejusdem monasterii ab ips0 abbate et gpiritali- bus fratribus arguatur, et a corpore sanct:z congre- galionis.segregelur, Quod sj perseveranle contumacia abscissus fuerit, praecipimus il1i ut precatorias acci- piens litteras , quodcunque voluerit jogrediatur mo- nasterium, aut causa penitentie hujus sedis aposto= D lice licenuam petal, et susceptis a domino papa litte- ris, liber svum monaslerium repetat. fzc igitur omnia, qu:e hujus apostolice auctorjlatis et uostre praceptiouis privilegio continentur, prxfati nonaste- rii reetoribus et filiis, priesentibus et ſuturis, et om- nibus monasteriis ipsi loco ssubjectis yel sociatis, sub anathemate servanda conslituimus, Si quis 2U- tem regum, antistitum, judicum, yel quarumcunque secularium p