Letter 13: Theodore Studite, Letter 13; Greek heading: Εἰς τὴν διακονίαν τῶν ἀπρονοητῶν.

Because man was created according to the image and likeness of God [Genesis 1:26], it is necessary for human nature, so far as is attainable, to carry within itself, as an image does, the imitations of its archetype. Since, therefore, the Divine extends over all things the providence of its own goodness, it would be just for what is human to imitate, so far as possible, the providential governance of the ineffable Wisdom. Wherefore we also, the lowly and least, having reverently looked toward the Divine and taken up a loving disposition toward our own kind, have appointed ourselves to this pious association, as is set down below, making provision for the unprovided-for corpses [the dead for whom no one provides], that is, for the deceased who, whether from poverty or from being strangers in a foreign land, have no means of being carried out and buried in this Queen of cities [Constantinople]. Supporting ourselves, then, upon this divine model, and each year making a contribution from the gifts that are at hand from God, each one as he has ability, toward the purchase of grave-clothes and toward the other things conducive to burial, we determine in the Lord the following, these matters being reported or observed in their turn by each of those gathered together in the brotherhood. A dead person is to be carried out with the fitting grave-clothes and laid to rest in the holy tombs assigned to us. And further, through the year-at the beginning of the indiction [the September new year of the civil calendar] and during the many days of Pentecost-we are to perform in common the memorials of all those who have been buried, while at the same time, out of the joint contribution, we also hold a love-feast of bodily refreshment-yet not beyond the customary bounds of sufficiency, so as to dance away [profane] the memorials we are performing through much wine or much eating; but rather, with reverence offering up glorification to the God who has counted us worthy to perform this holy rite, so to proceed to the need of the table, the volume [the written charter or the appointed reading] being already read aloud beforehand, so that even amid our own nourishment we may pursue the things pleasing to the Lord, what is over and above being distributed to the poor, with no idle words being current at the feast, nor jestings-much less, to speak of, buffooneries-where indeed the word [Scripture] does not even permit any ordinary Christian to engage in such things. And if it should be necessary even to speak, let it be such things as befit Christians: that we keep our oath, that we have love among one another, that we bring forth truth from the mouth, that we flee from guile and envy, that we cleave to good works according to our ability, that we make visitations of those in prisons and of those in sicknesses, that we attend to the readings and to the places of honor in the churches, that we go before one another in honor-and especially priests of God and monastics-that we pursue hospitality, that we abstain altogether from fornication and drunkenness, that we hold fast the orthodox faith, that we shun communion with heretics. For indeed the speaking and the practice of such things would become for us the occasion of many good things. Assenting to these divine compacts and following them, we have given ourselves, as to the Lord, to this association (for He says: 'He who has done it to one of these least of my brethren has done it to me' [Matthew 25:40]), setting aside nothing of what is laid down nor neglecting it; so that, if ever any of the brethren should be seen either overlooking a corpse that lies there and not reporting it to him who bears the first place in the brotherhood, or at the meals uttering things that are not lawful and doing things that are not holy, so that thereby God is provoked to anger, he is to be subjected to a penance by the presiding superior-a three-day abstention from wine, or the payment of one piece of silver-and then thus to ask for amendment for the future. In addition to these things, we are also to keep this: that, whenever the common death befalls one of our brethren, all are to gather together to the same place and to perform his carrying-out and burial, so that from this too our good assembly may be praised, unto the glory and praise of our greatly bountiful God. With faith, therefore, and with fear, having ranged ourselves under this document, we have signed our own names together with the amount [of our contribution], awaiting the recompense of this our least undertaking in the age to come, from the rewarder, the just judge of all, Jesus Christ our Lord and God.

Ὅτι κατ' εἰκόνα θεοῦ καὶ ὁμοίωσιν ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἔκτισται, ἀναγκαῖον τῇ ἀνθρωπίνῃ φύσει, καθόσον ἐφικτόν, ὡς εἰκόνι τὰ τοῦ ἀρχετύπου μιμήματα ἐν ἑαυτῇ περιφέρειν. ἐπεὶ οὖν τὸ θεῖον ἐπὶ πάντα διήκει τὴν τῆς οἰκείας ἀγαθότητος πρόνοιαν, δίκαιον ἂν εἴη ἐκμιμεῖσθαι τὸ ἀνθρώπινον τὴν τῆς ἀρρήτου σοφίας προνοητικὴν ὡς δυνατὸν διοίκησιν. ὅθεν καὶ ἡμεῖς οἱ ταπεινοὶ καὶ ἐλάχιστοι, εὐλαβῶς εἰς τὸ θεῖον ἀπιδόντες καὶ πρὸς τὸ ὁμόφυλον τὴν ἀγαπητικὴν διάθεσιν ἀναλαβόντες, καθήκαμεν ἑαυτοὺς εἰς τόδε τὸ εὐσεβὲς σύστημα, καθὼς ὑποτέτακται, πρόνοιαν ποιούμενοι τῶν ἀπρονοητῶν σκηνωμάτων, εἴτουν νενεκρωμένων καὶ ἐκ πενίας ἢ ἐκ ξενιτείας μὴ ἐχόντων πῶς ἐκκομίζεσθαι καὶ ἐνθάπτεσθαι ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ βασιλευούσῃ τῶν πόλεων. Τῷ τοίνυν θείῳ τούτῳ τύπῳ ἐπερειδόμενοι ἑκάστῳ τε ἐνιαυτῷ ἐκ τῶν προσόντων παρὰ θεῷ δωρεῶν, ὁ καθεὶς ὡς ἔχει δυνάμεως, καταβολὴν ποιούμενοι πρός τε ἀγορασίαν ἐνταφίων καὶ [τὰ] τῶν εἰς ταφὴν ἄλλων συντελούντων, διορίζομεν ἐν Κυρίῳ τάδε, τούτων μηνυομένων ἢ θεωρουμένων κατὰ περίοδον πρὸς ἑκάστου τῶν συνειλεγμένων ἐν τῇ ἀδελφότητι. νεκρὸν ἄνθρωπον, τοῦτον τοῖς προσήκουσιν ἐνταφίοις ἐκκομίζεσθαι καὶ ἀποτίθεσθαι ἐν ταῖς ἀποτεταγμέναις ἡμῖν ὁσίαις θήκαις. καὶ μὴν διὰ τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ, ἀρχῇ τε ἰνδίκτου καὶ διὰ τῆς ἐν τῇ Πεντηκοστῇ πολυημερίας ἐπιτελεῖν ἡμᾶς κοινῶς τὰ μνημόσυνα πάντων τῶν κηδευθέντων, ποιούντων ἡμῶν ἐν ταὐτῷ ἐκ τῆς συνεισφορᾶς καὶ ἀγάπην παρακλήσεως σωματικῆς, μὴ μέντοι ἔξω τῶν νενομισμένων τῆς αὐταρκείας ὅρων, ὡς ἢ πολυοινίᾳ ἢ πολυφαγίᾳ ἐξορχεῖσθαι ἡμᾶς τὰ ἐπιτελούμενα μνημόσυνα· ἀλλὰ μετ' εὐλαβείας ἀναφερόντων ἡμῶν δοξολογίαν τῷ καταξιώσαντι ἡμᾶς θεῷ τὴν ὁσίαν ταύτην τελετὴν ποιήσασθαι, οὕτως ἐπὶ τὴν τῆς τραπέζης ἰέναι χρείαν, προσαναγινωσκομένου ἤδη τοῦ τόμου, ὡς ἂν καὶ ἐπ' αὐτῆς τῆς τροφῆς ἡμῶν τὰ ἀρεστὰ Κυρίῳ μεταδιώκειν, τὸ κατὰ περισσείαν διανεμόμενον πτωχοῖς, μὴ ἐμπολιτευομένων ἀργῶν ῥημάτων ἐν τῇ ἑστιάσει μηδὲ γελοιασμάτων, πολλοῦ γε εἰπεῖν παιγνίων, ὅπου γε οὐδὲ τῷ τυχόντι χριστιανῷ ἐνεργεῖν δέχεται ὁ λόγος. εἰ δὲ καὶ λαλεῖν δεήσειεν, ταῦτα ὅσα πρέπει χριστιανοῖς, τοῦ φυλάττεσθαι ἡμᾶς ὅρκον, τὸ ἀγάπην ἔχειν ἐν ἀλλήλοις, ἀλήθειαν ἐκ τοῦ στόματος προφέρειν, δόλου καὶ φθόνου ἀποδιδράσκειν, εὐποιίας τὸ κατὰ δύναμιν ἀντέχεσθαι, ἐπισκέψεις ποιεῖσθαι τῶν ἐν φυλακαῖς, τῶν ἐν ἀρρωστίαις, προσέχειν ταῖς ἀναγνώσεσιν καὶ ταῖς ἐν ἐκκλησίαις προεδρίαις, ἀλλήλους τῇ τιμῇ προηγεῖσθαι καὶ μάλιστα ἱερεῖς τε θεοῦ καὶ μοναστάς, φιλοξενίαν μεταδιώκειν, πορνείας καὶ μέθης τὸ καθόλου ἀπέχεσθαι, τὴν ὀρθόδοξον πίστιν κατέχειν, αἱρετικῶν κοινωνίας ἀποφεύγειν. καὶ γὰρ ἡ τῶν τοιούτων λαλιὰ καὶ μελέτη πολλῶν ἀγαθῶν πρόξενος γένοιτ' ἂν ἡμῖν. Ταύταις ταῖς θείαις συνθήκαις συγκατατιθέμενοι καὶ συνεπόμενοι ἐπεδώκαμεν ἑαυτοὺς ὡς τῷ Κυρίῳ τῷδε τῷ συστήματι (φησὶ γάρ· ὁ ποιήσας ἑνὶ τούτων τῶν ἀδελφῶν μου τῶν ἐλαχίστων, ἐμοὶ πεποίηκεν), μηδὲν τῶν κειμένων ἀθετοῦντες μηδὲ παραμελοῦντες, ὡς ἐάν ποτε ὀφθείη τις τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἢ παρορῶν τὸν κείμενον νεκρὸν καὶ μὴ ἀναφέροι τῷ τὰ πρῶτα φέροντι τῆς ἀδελφότητος ἢ ἐν τοῖς ἀρίστοις φθεγγόμενος ἃ μὴ θέμις καὶ πράττων τὰ οὐχ ὅσια, ὡς ἐντεῦθεν τὸν θεὸν παροργίζεσθαι, ἐπιτιμίῳ ὑποβάλλεσθαι παρὰ τοῦ προκαθηγουμένου, τριῶν ἡμερῶν ἀποχὴν οἴνου ἢ ἀργυρίου ἑνὸς καταβολήν, εἶθ' οὕτως αἰτεῖν πρὸς τὸ ἑξῆς βελτίωσιν. πρὸς τούτοις φυλάττεσθαι ἡμᾶς καὶ τό, ὅταν τύχῃ ἑνὶ τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἡμῶν ὁ κοινὸς θάνατος, πάντας συναθροίζεσθαι ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ καὶ τὴν ἐκκομιδὴν καὶ ἐνταφίασιν αὐτοῦ ποιεῖσθαι, ὥστε καὶ ἐκ τούτου τὸ καλὸν ἡμῶν σύναγμα ἐπαινεῖσθαι πρὸς δόξαν καὶ αἶνον τοῦ μεγαλοδώρου θεοῦ ἡμῶν. Πίστει οὖν καὶ φόβῳ τῷδε τῷ γραμματείῳ συντάξαντες ἑαυτοὺς καὶ τὰ ἑαυτῶν ὀνόματα ὑπεσημηνάμεθα σὺν τοῦ ποσοῦ, τὴν μισθαποδοσίαν ταύτης ἡμῶν τῆς ἐλαχίστης προθέσεως ἀπεκδεχόμενοι ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι αἰῶνι παρὰ τοῦ μισθαποδότου δικαίου κριτοῦ τῶν ὅλων Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ κυρίου καὶ θεοῦ ἡμῶν.