Letter 538: Theodore Studite, Letter 538; Greek heading: Θεοδοσίᾳ αὐγούστῃ καὶ Βασιλείῳ υἱῷ αὐτῆσ.

Having been instructed about your affairs by various trustworthy persons, and indeed before the others by the most God-loving bishop Isaiah and by the most honored superior of the Medikion [the monastery of Medikion in Bithynia], our holy fathers, namely that by the good pleasure of our supremely good God you have been transformed into the manner and the reasoning of piety and orthodoxy, and that you have bidden farewell to your former wrong belief as one not originating from God but from the opposite party (whereas your own God-fearing devotion has been set in motion from your father, out of a pious root; for it must be confessed that that man was such, both beloved of God and resplendent with every excellence) -- we gave thanks to the Lord, who did not allow you to remain in the gloom of the heresy [hairesis: the iconoclast denial of the veneration of images], but filled the eyes of your soul with blessed light, so that you might recognize that Jesus Christ the Son of God, having come into being in our form through the bowels of compassion, in order to rescue back his own creature that had fallen into corruption, is depicted in likeness to us, so that nothing of human properties may be lacking in him, while remaining, as God, the same uncircumscribable one, since he possesses also all the properties of the Father under one person; whereby he has also shown himself mediator of God and of human beings, sharing through his intermediacy in the two extremes, and through himself rendering us sharers of the divine nature. For just as it is not possible that he, being God himself and equal to the Father, should not be outside circumscription (for the divine is infinite and unbounded and incomprehensible), in the very same way it is inadmissible that he, being truly a human being himself and having become like us in all things, should not remain within circumscription; for his body is comprehensible, palpable to touch and color. Since the icon-fighters [eikonomachoi: the iconoclasts] do not confess this, they have plainly established themselves as deniers of Christ, supposing the embodied one to be bodiless and dogmatizing that the one who came to be among us is outside our nature. From this the world was shaken; Christ was denied through his venerable icon, as also the Theotokos [Mother of God] and every one of the saints; for by the acceptance of the icon the one represented in it is accepted, just as conversely by its rejection he is rejected. From this came the persecution boiling up, and the divinely-inspired patriarch driven out [Nikephoros, deposed in 815]; priests and hierarchs, monks and lay people most filled with God, some of them being exiled and imprisoned, others scourged and starved, and some even put to death; from this those who prefer nothing of the things here to God were driven as fugitives into mountains and caves and the holes of the earth; from this temples were razed and holy things profaned and divine offerings handed over to fire, and all things were full of outcry and pillage, to put it briefly. Such are the undertakings of impiety, so that the tree may be known from its fruit. But since the divine grace has embraced you, as has been said before, through the good confession which you have confessed to the fathers, on behalf of which you are eager to resist even unto blood, we too, the lowly ones, by this -- by this very confessional conviction -- have both received and reckoned together you, the lady mistress, and the lord and master, along with the rest of the illustrious branches, into the portion of orthodoxy, or rather into the Church of God; and, now that you have come to our lowliness, we venerate [proskynoumen: render veneration to] and hold communion with you, sending up thanksgivings to the good God, who does great and unsearchable things, of which there is no number, who leads from darkness into light and transfers from the way of wandering into the path of piety everyone who from a true heart longs to be saved. So much, then, for these matters. But since the island of Chalkitis [Halki, in the Princes' Islands] was given to you by the great emperor as a dwelling for your residence, it grieved not us alone but also many of the fathers in no small measure, because the whole brotherhood together with the superior of the monastery that was formerly their own was driven out and now is carried about here and there, and because we were seen opening our tongues over former defamations. Nevertheless, since you made your defense through our spiritual son Klemes [Clement], the most reverent abbot, that the matter came about thus and so by imperial authority, we were released from our grief. But this we beg, that as far as it is possible for you to compel it, you heal the pain of those who are departing, since it is written: do not give a person occasion to curse you; and, as he says, why is my liberty judged by another's conscience?

Ἐκ διαφόρων ἀξιοπίστων προσώπων, καί γε πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων παρά τε τοῦ θεοφιλεστάτου ἐπισκόπου Ἠσαΐου καὶ τοῦ τιμιωτάτου καθηγουμένου τοῦ Μηδικίου, ὁσίων πατέρων ἡμῶν, ἐκδιδαχθέντες τὰ καθ' ὑμᾶς, ὅτι εὐδοκίᾳ τοῦ ὑπεραγάθου θεοῦ ἡμῶν μετεστοιχειώθητε εἰς τὸν τῆς εὐσεβείας καὶ ὀρθοδοξίας τρόπον καὶ λόγον, χαίρειν φράσαντες τῇ πάλαι κακοδοξίᾳ ὡς οὐκ ἠργμένῃ θεόθεν, ἀλλ' ἐκ τῆς ἐναντίας μερίδος, καθὸ καὶ ὥρμηται πατρόθεν ἐξ εὐσεβοῦς ῥίζης ἡ σὴ θεοσέβεια (ὁμολογητέον γὰρ ὅτι τοιοῦτος ὁ ἀνὴρ ἐκεῖνος, θεῷ τε πεφιλημένος καὶ πάσῃ καλοκἀγαθίᾳ κατηγλαϊσμένος), ηὐχαριστήσαμεν τῷ Κυρίῳ, ὃς οὐκ εἴασεν ὑμᾶς ἐν τῷ ζόφῳ τῆς αἱρέσεως διαμεῖναι, ἀλλ' ἔπλησε τὰς ψυχικὰς ὑμῶν ὄψεις ὀλβίου φωτός, εἰς τὸ ἐπιγνῶναι ὅτι Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, ἐν τῷ καθ' ἡμᾶς εἴδει γεγονὼς διὰ σπλάγχνα οἰκτιρμῶν, εἰς τὸ ἀνασώσασθαι τὸ ἑαυτοῦ ἐκπεπτωκὸς εἰς φθορὰν πλάσμα, ὁμοίως ἡμῖν ἐξεικονίζεται, ὡς ἂν μηδὲν λείποι ἐν αὐτῷ τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων ἰδιωμάτων, μένων ὡς θεὸς ὁ αὐτὸς ἀπερίγραπτος, ὡς καὶ τὰ πατρῷα ἰδιώματα ἅπαντα ὑφ' ἑνὶ προσώπῳ κεκτημένος, καθὸ καὶ μεσίτης θεοῦ καὶ ἀνθρώπων πέφηνε, τῇ μεσότητι τοῖς ἄκροις κοινωνῶν καὶ δι' ἑαυτοῦ κοινωνοὺς ἡμᾶς θείας φύσεως ἀπεργασάμενος. ὡς γὰρ οὐκ ἐνδέχεται θεὸν αὐτὸν ὄντα καὶ ἴσον τῷ πατρὶ μὴ οὐχὶ ἔξω περιγραφῆς εἶναι (ἄπειρον γὰρ τὸ θεῖον καὶ ἀόριστον καὶ ἀπερίληπτον), τὸν αὐτὸν δὴ τρόπον ἀνεγχώρητόν ἐστιν ἄνθρωπον αὐτὸν ἀληθῶς ὄντα καὶ ὅμοιον ἡμῖν κατὰ πάντα γεγονότα μὴ οὐχὶ περιγραφῆς εἴσω μένειν· περιληπτὸν γὰρ αὐτοῦ τὸ σῶμα, ἁφῇ καὶ χροιᾷ ψηλαφώμενον. ὅπερ οὐχ ὁμολογοῦντες οἱ εἰκονομάχοι ἀρνησίχριστοι ἀριδήλως καθεστήκασι, τὸν ἐνσώματον ἀσώματον ὑπολαμβάνοντες καὶ τὸν μεθ' ἡμῶν γεγονότα ἔξω τῆς καθ' ἡμᾶς φύσεως δογματίζοντες. ἐντεῦθεν ἐδονήθη ὁ κόσμος, ἠρνήθη Χριστὸς διὰ τῆς σεπτῆς αὐτοῦ εἰκόνος, ἥ τε Θεοτόκος καὶ πᾶς τις τῶν ἁγίων· τῇ γὰρ παραδοχῇ τῆς εἰκόνος παραδέδεκται ὁ εἰκονιζόμενος, ὡς καὶ ἔμπαλιν τῇ ἀθετήσει ἠθέτηται. ἐντεῦθεν διωγμὸς ἀναβρασσόμενος καὶ πατριάρχης θεσπέσιος ἐκσκορακιζόμενος, ἱερεῖς τε καὶ ἱεράρχαι, μονασταί τε καὶ μιγάδες ἐνθεώτατοι, οἱ μὲν ἐξοριζόμενοι καὶ φυλακιζόμενοι, ἕτεροι δὲ μαστιγούμενοι καὶ λιμοκτονούμενοι, ἔνιοι δὲ καὶ ἀποκτενόμενοι· ἐντεῦθεν ἐν ὄρεσι φυγαδευόμενοι καὶ σπηλαίοις καὶ ταῖς ὀπαῖς τῆς γῆς οἱ μηδὲν τῶν τῇδε προκρίνοντες θεοῦ· ἐντεῦθεν ναοὶ κατασκαπτόμενοι καὶ ἅγια βεβηλούμενα καὶ θεῖα ἀναθήματα πυρὶ παραδιδόμενα, καὶ κραυγῆς τὰ πάντα καὶ λεηλασίας πλήρη, ὡς ἐν συντόμῳ εἰπεῖν. Τοιαῦτα τὰ τῆς ἀσεβείας ἐγχειρήματα, ὡς ἂν ἐκ τοῦ καρποῦ τὸ δένδρον γινώσκηται. ἐπειδὴ δὲ ὑμᾶς, ὡς προείρηται, ἡ θεία χάρις ἠγκαλίσατο διὰ τῆς καλῆς ὁμολογίας, ἧς ὡμολογήσατε τοῖς πατράσιν, ὑπὲ ἧς καὶ μέχρις αἵματος προθυμεῖσθε ἀντικαθίστασθαι, καὶ ἡμεῖς οἱ ταπεινοὶ ταύτῃ δή, ταύτῃ τῇ ὁμολογητικῇ πεποιθήσει σέ τε τὴν κυρίαν δέσποιναν, τόν τε κύριον καὶ δεσπότην σὺν τοῖς λοιποῖς εὐκλεέσι κλάδοις καὶ εἰσδεδέγμεθα καὶ συνεισκρίνομεν τῷ μέρει τῆς ὀρθοδοξίας, μᾶλλον δὲ τῇ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐκκλησίᾳ· καί, ἥκοντας ὑμᾶς πρὸς τὴν ταπείνωσιν ἡμῶν, προσκυνοῦμεν καὶ συγκοινωνοῦμεν ὑμῖν, εὐχαριστήρια τῷ ἀγαθῷ θεῷ ἀναπέμποντες, τῷ ποιοῦντι μεγάλα καὶ ἀνεξιχνίαστα, ὧν οὐκ ἔστιν ἀριθμός, τῷ ἐκ σκότους εἰς φῶς ἄγοντι καὶ ἐξ ὁδοῦ πλάνης εἰς τρίβον εὐσεβείας μεταφέροντι πάντα τὸν ἐξ ἀληθινῆς καρδίας ἐφιέμενον σῴζεσθαι. Ταῦτα μὲν οὕτως. ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἀπεδόθη ὑμῖν παρὰ τοῦ μεγάλου βασιλέως εἰς κατοικητήριον διαίτης ἡ νῆσος τῆς Χαλκίτου, οὐ μικρῶς ἐλύπησεν οὐχ ἡμᾶς μόνους, ἀλλὰ καὶ πολλοὺς τῶν πατέρων ὅτι ἀδελφότης ὅλη σὺν καθηγουμένῳ τῆς πάλαι οἰκείας μονῆς ἐξεώθη καὶ νῦν ὧδε κἀκεῖσε περιφέρεται καὶ ὅτι ὤφθημεν ἀνοίγοντες γλώσσας ἐπὶ προτέραις δυσφημίαις. ὅμως, ἐπειδὴ ἀπελογήσασθε διὰ τοῦ πνευματικοῦ ἡμῶν υἱοῦ Κλήμεντος, τοῦ εὐλαβεστάτου ἡγουμένου, οὕτως καὶ οὕτως ὑπάρξαι τὴν ὑπόθεσιν ἐκ βασιλικῆς ἐξουσίας, ἀπελύθημεν τῆς λύπης. τοῦτο δὲ παρακαλοῦμεν, ὅσον ἐνδέχεται ἐκβιάσασθαι ὑμᾶς, θεραπεῦσαι τὸ ἄλγος τῶν ἐξιόντων, ἐπειδὴ γέγραπται, μὴ δῷς ἀνθρώπῳ τόπον καταρᾶσθαί σε, καί, ἱνατί, φησίν, ἡ ἐλευθερία μου κρίνεται ὑπὸ ἄλλης συνειδήσεως;