Letter 125: A transcript of the faith as dictated by Saint Basil, and subscribed by Eustathius, bishop of Sebasteia. 1. Both men whose minds have been preoccupied by a heterodox creed and now wish to change over to the congregation of the orthodox, and also those who are now for the first time desirous of being instructed in the doctrine of truth, must be t...

Basil of CaesareaUnknown|c. 364 AD|Basil of Caesarea|Human translated
arianismfamine plagueillness
Barbarian peoples/invasions; Theological controversy; Church council

**A Statement of Faith, as dictated by Basil and signed by Eustathius, Bishop of Sebasteia** [Sebasteia: modern Sivas, in central Turkey]

**1.** Anyone who wants to leave a heretical group and join the orthodox church — or anyone learning the faith for the first time — should be taught the creed written by the blessed fathers at the Council of Nicaea [Nicaea: the council held in 325 AD that produced the foundational Christian creed, defining Christ as fully divine and "of one substance" with the Father].

This same creed is also extremely useful for people we suspect of opposing sound doctrine but who use clever arguments to hide what they really believe. The creed is all that's needed. Either it will cure their hidden errors, or — if they keep hiding them — they'll bear the consequences of their dishonesty. On the day of judgment, the Lord will uncover what is hidden in darkness and reveal the true intentions of every heart (1 Corinthians 4:5).

So we should require not just that they affirm the *words* of the Nicene Creed, but that they accept the *meaning* those words were intended to carry. Because some people twist even this creed to fit their own ideas.

Take Marcellus [Marcellus of Ancyra: a bishop who taught that Christ was merely the Word/Logos of God with no distinct personal existence — effectively denying that the Son is a real, eternal person]. He held impious views about the reality of our Lord Jesus Christ, reducing him to nothing more than the Logos. Yet he had the nerve to claim the creed supported his position by misreading the word *homoousios* [homoousios: Greek for "of the same substance" — the creed's key term affirming that the Son shares the Father's divine nature].

Meanwhile, followers of the Libyan Sabellius [Sabellius: a theologian who taught that Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are not three distinct persons but merely three modes or masks of one God — effectively erasing the Trinity] — who treat *hypostasis* and *substance* as meaning the same thing — also try to find support in the creed. They point to where it says: "If anyone says the Son is of a different substance or hypostasis, the Catholic and Apostolic Church condemns him."

But the creed did *not* say hypostasis and substance are identical. If both words meant the same thing, why use both? What actually happened is this: some people denied the Son was of the same substance as the Father, while others claimed the Son belonged to some other hypostasis entirely. The creed condemned *both* errors. When the fathers stated their own positive belief, they declared the Son to be "of the substance of the Father" — but they did not add "of the hypostasis." The first phrase condemns the wrong view; the second states the saving truth.

We are therefore bound to confess that the Son is of one substance with the Father, as the creed says — while also affirming that the Father exists in his own distinct hypostasis [hypostasis: roughly "person" — the term the Cappadocian fathers used to distinguish the three persons of the Trinity while maintaining they share one divine substance], the Son in his, and the Holy Spirit in his. The fathers themselves made this clear. When they wrote "Light from Light," they showed that the Light who begets and the Light who is begotten are distinct — and yet both are Light. The definition of the substance is one and the same.

Here is the actual creed as written at Nicaea:

**2.** We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, maker of all things visible and invisible;

And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, the Only-Begotten, born of the Father before all ages —

That is, from the substance of the Father: God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, begotten not made, of one substance with the Father, through whom all things were made, both in heaven and on earth.

Who for us and for our salvation came down from heaven and took on flesh [the text breaks off here in the source].

Human translationNew Advent (NPNF / ANF series)

Latin / Greek Original

[Πρός: Ἀντίγραφον Πίστεως ὑπαγορευθείσης παρὰ τοῦ]

ἁγιωτάτου Βασιλείου, ᾗ ὑπέγραψεν Εὐστάθιος ὁ Σεβαστείας ἐπίσκοπος. Τοὺς προληφθέντας ἑτέρᾳ πίστεως ὁμολογίᾳ καὶ μετατίθεσθαι πρὸς τὴν τῶν ὀρθῶν συνάφειαν βουλομένους, ἢ καὶ νῦν πρῶτον ἐν τῇ κατηχήσει τοῦ λόγου τῆς ἀληθείας ἐπιθυμοῦντας γενέσθαι, χρὴ τὴν ὑπὸ τῶν μακαρίων πατέρων ἐν τῇ κατὰ Νίκαιάν ποτε συγκροτηθείσῃ συνόδῳ γραφεῖσαν πίστιν. τὸ δὲ αὐτὸ τοῦτο χρήσιμον ἂν εἴη καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ὑπονοουμένους ἐναντίως ἔχειν τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ διδασκαλίᾳ καὶ συσκιάζοντας ἑαυτῶν ἀποφυγαῖς εὐπροσώποις τὸ τῆς κακοδοξίας φρόνημα. καὶ γὰρ καὶ τούτοις αὐτάρκης ἡ ἐγκειμένη πίστις. ἢ γὰρ διορθώσαιντο ἑαυτῶν τὴν ἐν τῷ κρυπτῷ νόσον, ἢ συγκαλύπτοντες αὐτὴν ἐν τῷ βάθει, αὐτοὶ μὲν τὸ κρῖμα τῆς ἀπάτης βαστάσουσιν, ἡμῖν δὲ τὴν ἀπολογίαν κούφην ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῆς κρίσεως παρασκευάσουσιν, ὅτε ἀποκαλύψει ὁ Κύριος τὰ κρυπτὰ τοῦ σκότους, καὶ φανερώσει τὰς βουλὰς τῶν καρδιῶν. λαμβάνειν τοίνυν αὐτοὺς ὁμολογοῦντας προσήκει, ὅτι πιστεύουσι κατὰ τὰ ῥήματα τὰ ὑπὸ τῶν Πατέρων ἡμῶν ἐκτεθέντα ἐν τῇ Νικαίᾳ καὶ κατὰ τὴν ὑγιῶς ὑπὸ τῶν ῥημάτων τούτων ἐμφαινομένην διάνοιαν.
Εἰσὶ γάρ τινες οἱ καὶ ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ πίστει δολοῦντες τὸν λόγον τῆς ἀληθείας καὶ πρὸς τὸ ἑαυτῶν βούλημα τὸν νοῦν τῶν ἐν αὐτῇ ῥημάτων ἕλκοντες. ὅπου γε καὶ Μάρκελλος ἐτόλμησεν, ἀσεβῶν εἰς τὴν ὑπόστασιν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ ψιλὸν αὐτὸν ἐξηγούμενος λόγον, ἐκεῖθεν προφασίσασθαι τὰς ἀρχὰς εἰληφέναι, τοῦ ὁμοουσίου τὴν διάνοιαν κακῶς ἐξηγούμενος. καί τινες τῶν ἀπὸ τῆς δυσσεβείας τοῦ Λίβυος Σαβελλίου, ὑπόστασιν καὶ οὐσίαν ταὐτὸν εἶναι ὑπολαμβάνοντες, ἐκεῖθεν ἕλκουσι τὰς ἀφορμὰς πρὸς τὴν κατασκευὴν τῆς ἑαυτῶν βλασφημίας, ἐκ τοῦ ἐγγεγράφθαι τῇ πίστει, ὅτι Ἐὰν δέ τις λέγῃ ἐξ ἑτέρας οὐσίας ἢ ὑποστάσεως τὸν Υἱόν, ἀναθεματίζει ἡ καθολικὴ καὶ ἀποστολικὴ ἐκκλησία. οὐ γὰρ ταὐτὸν εἶπον ἐκεῖ οὐσίαν καὶ ὑπόστασιν. εἰ γὰρ μίαν καὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ἐδήλουν ἔννοιαν αἱ φωναί, τίς χρεία ἦν ἑκατέρων; ἀλλὰ δῆλον ὅτι, ὡς τῶν μὲν ἀρνουμένων τὸ ἐκ τῆς οὐσίας εἶναι τοῦ Πατρός, τῶν δὲ λεγόντων οὔτε ἐκ τῆς οὐσίας ἀλλʼ ἐξ ἄλλης τινὸς ὑποστάσεως, οὕτως ἀμφότερα, ὡς ἀλλότρια τοῦ ἐκκλησιαστικοῦ φρονήματος, ἀπηγόρευσαν. ἐπεὶ ὅπου γε τὸ ἑαυτῶν ἐδήλουν φρόνημα, εἶπον ἐκ τῆς οὐσίας τοῦ Πατρὸς τὸν Υἱόν, οὐκέτι προσθέντες καὶ τὸ ἐκ τῆς ὑποστάσεως. ὥστε ἐκεῖνο μὲν ἐπʼ ἀθετήσει κεῖται τοῦ πονηροῦ φρονήματος, τοῦτο δὲ φανέρωσιν ἔχει τοῦ σωτηρίου δόγματος. δεῖ τοίνυν ὁμολογεῖν ὁμοούσιον τὸν Υἱὸν τῷ Πατρί, καθὼς γέγραπται, ὁμολογεῖν δὲ ἐν ἰδίᾳ μὲν ὑποστάσει τὸν Πατέρα, ἐν ἰδίᾳ δὲ τὸν Υἱόν, καὶ ἐν ἰδίᾳ τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον, καθὰ καὶ αὐτοὶ σαφῶς ἐκδεδώκασιν. αὐτάρκως γὰρ καὶ σαφῶς ἐνεδείξαντο εἰπόντες, φῶς ἐκ φωτός, ὅτι ἕτερον μὲν τὸ γεννῆσαν φῶς, ἕτερον δὲ τὸ γεννηθέν, φῶς μέντοι καὶ φῶς· ὥστε ἕνα καὶ τὸν αὐτὸν εἶναι τὸν τῆς οὐσίας λόγον. ἐγκείσθω δὴ ἡμῖν καὶ αὐτὴ ἡ πίστις ἡ κατὰ Νίκαιαν συγγραφεῖσα.
Πιστεύομεν εἰς ἕνα Θεὸν Πατέρα παντοκράτορα, πάντων ὁρατῶν τε καὶ ἀοράτων ποιητήν. καὶ εἰς ἕνα Κύριον Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ, γεννηθέντα ἐκ τοῦ Πατρὸς Μονογενῆ, τουτέστιν, ἐκ τῆς οὐσίας τοῦ Πατρός· Θεὸν ἐκ Θεοῦ, φῶς ἐκ φωτός, Θεὸν ἀληθινὸν ἐκ Θεοῦ ἀληθινοῦ· γεννηθέντα, οὐ ποιηθέντα· ὁμοούσιον τῷ Πατρί, δι’ οὗ τὰ πάντα ἐγένετο, τά τε ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ καὶ τὰ ἐν τῇ γῇ· τὸν δι’ ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους καὶ διὰ τὴν ἡμετέραν σωτηρίαν κατελθόντα, καὶ σαρκωθέντα, ἐνανθρωπήσαντα, παθόντα, καὶ ἀναστάντα τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ, ἀνελθόντα εἰς τοὺς οὐρανούς, ἐρχόμενον κρῖναι ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς. καὶ εἰς τὸ ἅγιον Πνεῦμα. τοὺς δὲ λέγοντας· Ἦν ποτέ, ὅτε οὐκ ἦν, καὶ πρὶν γεννηθῆναι οὐκ ἦν, καὶ ὅτι ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων ἐγένετο, ἢ ἐξ ἑτέρας ὑποστάσεως ἢ οὐσίας φάσκοντας εἶναι ἢ τρεπτὸν ἢ ἀλλοιωτὸν τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ, τοὺς τοιούτους ἀναθεματίζει ἡ καθολικὴ καὶ ἀποστολικὴ Ἐκκλησία.
Ἐπεὶ οὖν ἐνταῦθα τὰ μὲν ἄλλα ἀρκούντως καὶ ἀκριβῶς διώρισται, τὰ μὲν ἐπὶ διορθώσει τῶν βλαβέντων, τὰ δὲ εἰς προφυλακὴν τῶν προσδοκωμένων ὑποφυήσεσθαι· ὁ δὲ περὶ τοῦ Πνεύματος λόγος ἐν παραδρομῇ κεῖται οὐδεμιᾶς ἐξεργασίας ἀξιωθεὶς διὰ τὸ μηδέπω τότε τοῦτο κεκινῆσθαι τὸ ζήτημα, ἀλλʼ ἀνεπιβούλευτον ἐνυπάρχειν ταῖς τῶν πιστευόντων ψυχαῖς τὴν περὶ αὐτοῦ διάνοιαν· κατὰ μικρὸν δὲ προϊόντα τὰ πονηρὰ τῆς ἀσεβείας σπέρματα, ἃ πρότερον μὲν ὑπὸ Ἀρείου τοῦ προστάτου τῆς αἱρέσεως κατεβλήθη, ὕστερον δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν τὰ ἐκείνου κακῶς διαδεξαμένων, ἐπὶ λύμῃ τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν ἐξετράφη, καὶ ἡ ἀκολουθία τῆς ἀσεβείας εἰς τὴν κατὰ τοῦ Πνεύματος βλασφημίαν ἀπέσκηψεν· ἀναγκαῖον πρὸς τοὺς μὴ φειδομένους ἑαυτῶν, μηδὲ προορωμένους τὴν ἄφυκτον ἀπειλήν, ἣν τοῖς βλασφημοῦσιν εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον ὁ Κύριος ἡμῶν ἐπανετείνατο, ἐκεῖνο προτείνειν, ὅτι χρὴ αὐτοὺς ἀναθεματίζειν τοὺς λέγοντας κτίσμα τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον, καὶ τοὺς νοοῦντας οὕτω, καὶ τοὺς μὴ ὁμολογοῦντας αὐτὸ φύσει ἅγιον εἶναι, ὡς ἔστι φύσει ἅγιος ὁ Πατήρ, καὶ φύσει ἅγιος ὁ Υἱός, ἀλλʼ ἀποξενοῦντας αὐτὸ τῆς θείας καὶ μακαρίας φύσεως. ἀπόδειξις δὲ τοῦ ὀρθοῦ φρονήματος τὸ μὴ χωρίζειν αὐτὸ Πατρὸς καὶ Υἱοῦ (δεῖ γὰρ ἡμᾶς βαπτίζεσθαι μέν, ὡς παρελάβομεν· πιστεύειν δέ, ὡς βαπτιζόμεθα· δοξάζειν δέ, ὡς πεπιστεύκαμεν, Πατέρα καὶ Υἱὸν καὶ ἅγιον Πνεῦμα), ἀφίστασθαι δὲ τῆς κοινωνίας τῶν κτίσμα λεγόντων, ὡς φανερῶς βλασφημούντων· ἐκείνου διωμολογημένου (ἀναγκαία γὰρ ἡ ἐπισημείωσις διὰ τοὺς συκοφάντας), ὅτι οὔτε ἀγέννητον λέγομεν τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον· ἕνα γὰρ οἴδαμεν ἀγέννητον καὶ μίαν τῶν ὄντων ἀρχήν, τὸν Πατέρα τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ· οὔτε γεννητόν· ἕνα γὰρ μονογενῆ ἐν τῇ παραδόσει τῆς πίστεως δεδιδάγμεθα· τὸ δὲ Πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας ἐκ τοῦ Πατρὸς ἐκπορεύεσθαι διδαχθέντες, ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ εἶναι ὁμολογοῦμεν ἀκτΐστως. ἀναθεματίζειν δὲ καὶ τοὺς λειτουργικὸν λέγοντας τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον, ὡς διὰ τῆς φωνῆς ταύτης εἰς τὴν τοῦ κτίσματος κατάγοντας τάξιν. τὰ γὰρ λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα κτίσματα ἡμῖν ἡ Γραφὴ παρέδωκεν, εἰποῦσα, ὅτι Πάντες εἰσὶ λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα εἰς διακονίαν ἀποστελλόμενα. διὰ δὲ τοὺς πάντα φύροντας καὶ μὴ φυλάσσοντας τὴν ἐν τοῖς εὐαγγελίοις διδασκαλίαν, ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστι καὶ τοῦτο προσδιαστείλασθαι ὅτι φεύγειν δεῖ καὶ τοὺς τὴν ἀκολουθίαν ἣν παρέδωκεν ἡμῖν ὁ Κύριος ἐναμείβοντας, ὡς φανερῶς μαχομένους τῇ εὐσεβείᾳ, καὶ Υἱὸν μὲν προτάσσοντας τοῦ Πατρός, Υἱοῦ δὲ τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον προτιθέντας. ἀκίνητον γὰρ καὶ ἀπαρεγχείρητον φυλάσσειν προσήκει τὴν ἀκολουθίαν, ἣν ἐξ αὐτῆς τοῦ Κυρίου τῆς φωνῆς παρελάβομεν, εἰπόντος· Πορευθέντες, μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, βαπτίζοντες αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος.
Ὑπογραφὴ Εὐσταθίου ἐπισκόπου.
Εὐστάθιος ἐπίσκοπος σοὶ Βασιλείῳ ἀναγνοὺς ἐγνώρισα, καὶ συνῄνεσα τοῖς προγεγραμμένοις. ὑπέγραψα δὲ συμπαρόντων μοι τῶν ἀδελφῶν, τοῦ ἡμετέρου Φρόντωνος, καὶ τοῦ χωρεπισκόπου Σεβήρου, καὶ ἄλλων τινῶν κληρικῶν.

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