Letter 210: I am really under no obligation to publish my own mind to you, or to state the reasons for my present sojourn where I am; it is not my custom to indulge in self advertisement, nor is the matter worth publicity. I am not, I think, following my own inclinations; I am answering the challenge of your leaders. I have always striven to be ignored more...

I am really under no obligation to publish my thoughts to you or to explain why I am currently staying where I am. It is not my custom to advertise myself, and the matter hardly merits publicity. I am not, I think, following my own whims -- I am responding to the challenge your leaders have thrown down. I have always tried harder to go unnoticed than fame-seekers try to get noticed. But I am told that everyone's ears in your city are buzzing, while certain professional gossips -- hired specifically for the purpose -- are spinning tales about me and my doings. So I cannot think it right to leave you exposed to teaching born of malice and a foul tongue. I must tell you myself how things actually stand. From childhood I have known this place. I was raised here by my grandmother [Macrina the Elder, a disciple of Gregory Thaumaturgus]. I have often retreated here, and spent many years here when trying to escape the noise of public affairs -- for experience taught me that the quiet and solitude of this spot are conducive to serious thought. Now that my brothers are living here as well, I have gladly retired to this haven and taken a brief rest from the constant pressures surrounding me -- not as a base from which to cause trouble for others, but to satisfy my own longing for peace. So why the need for dream-interpreters and hired rumor-mongers, and for making me a topic at public dinners? Had the slander come from any other quarter, I would have called you as my witnesses. So now I ask each of you to remember those old days when your city invited me to take charge of educating its young, and a delegation of your leading men came to see me... [The letter continues at length with Basil's detailed defense of his conduct and theology against the Neocaesarean accusations.]

ST. BASIL OF CAESAREA To the notables of Neocæsarea. I am really under no obligation to publish my own mind to you, or to state the reasons for my present sojourn where I am; it is not my custom to indulge in self advertisement, nor is the matter worth publicity. I am not, I think, following my own inclinations; I am answering the challenge of your leaders. I have always striven to be ignored more earnestly than popularity hunters strive after notoriety. But, I am told, the ears of everybody in your town are set a thrilling, while certain tale-mongers, creators of lies, hired for this very work, are giving you a history of me and my doings. I therefore do not think that I ought to overlook your being exposed to the teaching of vile intention and foul tongue; I think that I am bound to tell you myself in what position I am placed. From my childhood I have been familiar with this spot, for here I was brought up by my grandmother; hither I have often retreated, and here I have spent many years, when endeavouring to escape from the hubbub of public affairs, for experience has taught me that the quiet and solitude of the spot are favourable to serious thought. Moreover as my brothers are now living here, I have gladly retired to this retreat, and have taken a brief breathing time from the press of the labours that beset me, not as a centre from which I might give trouble to others, but to indulge my own longing. 2. Where then is the need of having recourse to dreams and of hiring their interpreters, and making me matter for talk over the cups at public entertainments? Had slander been launched against me in any other quarter, I should have called you to witness to prove what I think, and now I ask every one of you to remember those old days when I was invited by your city to take charge of the education of the young, and a deputation of the first men among you came to see me. Afterwards, when you all crowded round me, what were you not ready to give? What not to promise? Nevertheless you were not able to keep me. How then could I, who at that time would not listen when you invited me, now attempt to thrust myself on you uninvited? How could I, who when you complimented and admired me, avoided you, have been intending to court you now that you calumniate me? Nothing of the kind, sirs; I am not quite so cheap. No man in his senses would go on board a boat without a steersman, or get alongside a Church where the men sitting at the helm are themselves stirring up tempest and storm. Whose fault was it that the town was all full of tumult, when some were running away with no one after them, and others stealing off when no invader was near, and all the wizards and dream-tellers were flourishing their bogeys? Whose fault was it else? Does not every child know that it was the mob-leaders'? The reasons of their hatred to me it would be bad taste on my part to recount; but they are quite easy for you to apprehend. When bitterness and division have come to the last pitch of savagery, and the explanation of the cause is altogether groundless and ridiculous, then the mental disease is plain, dangerous indeed to other people's comfort, but greatly and personally calamitous to the patient. And there is one charming point about them. Torn and racked with inward agony as they are, they cannot yet for very shame speak out about it. The state they are in may be known not only from their behaviour to me, but from the rest of their conduct. If it were unknown, it would not much matter. But the veritable cause of their shunning communication with me may be unperceived by the majority among you. Listen; and I will tell you. 3. There is going on among you a movement ruinous to the faith, disloyal to the apostolic and evangelical dogmas, disloyal too to the tradition of Gregory the truly great, and of his successors up to the blessed Musonius, whose teaching is still ringing in your ears. For those men, who, from fear of confutation, are forging figments against me, are endeavouring to renew the old mischief of Sabellius, started long ago, and extinguished by the tradition of the great Gregory. But do you bid goodbye to those wine-laden heads, bemuddled by the swelling fumes that mount from their debauch, and from me who am wide awake and from fear of God cannot keep silence, hear what plague is rife among you. Sabellianism is Judaism imported into the preaching of the Gospel under the guise of Christianity. For if a man calls Father Son and Holy Ghost one thing of many faces, and makes the hypostasis of the three one, what is this but to deny the everlasting pre-existence of the Only begotten? He denies too the Lord's sojourn among men in the incarnation, the going down into hell, the resurrection, the judgment; he denies also the proper operations of the Spirit. And I hear that even rasher innovations than those of the foolish Sabellius are now ventured on among you. It is said, and that on the evidence of ear witnesses, that your clever men go to such an extreme as to say that there is no tradition of the name of the Only-begotten, while of the name of the adversary there is; and at this they are highly delighted and elated, as though it were a discovery of their own. For it is said, I came in my Father's name and you received me not; if another shall come in his own name, him you will receive. And because it is said, Go and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, Matthew 28:19 it is obvious, they urge, that the name is one, for it is not in the names, but in the name. 4. I blush so to write to you, for the men thus guilty are of my own blood; and I groan for my own soul, in that, like boxers fighting two men at once, I can only give the truth its proper force by hitting with my proofs, and knocking down, the errors of doctrine on the right and on the left. On one side I am attacked by the Anomœan: on the other by the Sabellian. Do not, I implore you, pay any attention to these abominable and impotent sophisms. Know that the name of Christ which is above every name is His being called Son of God, as Peter says, There is none other name under heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved. Acts 4:12 And as to the words I came in my Father's name, it is to be understood that He so says describing His Father as origin and cause of Himself. And if it is said Go and baptize in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost, we must not suppose that here one name is delivered to us. For just as he who said Paul and Silvanus and Timothy mentioned three names, and coupled them one to the other by the word and, so He who spoke of the name of Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, mentioned three, and united them by the conjunction, teaching that with each name must be understood its own proper meaning; for the names mean things. And no one gifted with even the smallest particle of intelligence doubts that the existence belonging to the things is peculiar and complete in itself. For of Father, Son, and Holy Ghost there is the same nature and one Godhead; but these are different names, setting forth to a us the circumscription and exactitude of the meanings. For unless the meaning of the distinctive qualities of each be unconfounded, it is impossible for the doxology to be adequately offered to Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. If, however, they deny that they so say, and so teach, my object is attained. Yet I see that this denial is no easy matter, because of our having many witnesses who heard these things said. But let bygones be bygones; let them only be sound now. If they persist in the same old error I must proclaim your calamity even to other Churches, and get letters written to you from more bishops. In my efforts to break down this huge mass of impiety now gradually and secretly growing, I shall either effect something towards the object I have in view; or at least my present testimony will clear me of guilt in the judgment day. 5. They have already inserted these expressions in their own writings. They sent them first to the man of God, Meletius, bishop, and after receiving from him a suitable reply, like mothers of monsters, ashamed of their natural deformities, these men themselves brought forth and bring up their disgusting offspring in appropriate darkness. They made an attempt too by letter on my dear friend Anthimus, bishop of Tyana, on the ground that Gregory had said in his exposition of the faith that Father and Son are in thought two, but in hypostasis one. The men who congratulate themselves on the subtlety of their intelligence could not perceive that this is said not in reference to dogmatic opinion, but in controversy with Ælian. And in this dispute there are not a few copyists' blunders, as, please God, I shall show in the case of the actual expressions used. But in his endeavour to convince the heathen, he deemed it needless to be nice about the words he employed; he judged it wiser sometimes to make concessions to the character of the subject who was being persuaded, so as not to run counter to the opportunity given him. This explains how it is that you may find there many expressions which now give great support to the heretics, as for instance creature and thing made and the like. But those who ignorantly criticise these writings refer to the question of the Godhead much that is said in reference to the conjunction with man; as is the case with this passage which they are hawking about. For it is indispensable to have clear understanding that, as he who fails to confess the community of the essence or substance falls into polytheism, so he who refuses to grant the distinction of the hypostases is carried away into Judaism. For we must keep our mind stayed, so to say, on certain underlying subject matter, and, by forming a clear impression of its distinguishing lines, so arrive at the end desired. For suppose we do not bethink us of the Fatherhood, nor bear in mind Him of whom this distinctive quality is marked off, how can we take in the idea of God the Father? For merely to enumerate the differences of Persons is insufficient; we must confess each Person to have a natural existence in real hypostasis. Now Sabellius did not even deprecate the formation of the persons without hypostasis, saying as he did that the same God, being one in matter, was metamorphosed as the need of the moment required, and spoken of now as Father, now as Son, and now as Holy Ghost. The inventors of this unnamed heresy are renewing the old long extinguished error; those, I mean, who are repudiating the hypostases, and denying the name of the Son of God. They must give over uttering iniquity against God, or they will have to wail with them that deny the Christ. 6. I have felt compelled to write to you in these terms, that you may be on your guard against the mischief arising from bad teaching. If we may indeed liken pernicious teachings to poisonous drugs, as your dream-tellers have it, these doctrines are hemlock and monkshood, or any other deadly to man. It is these that destroy souls; not my words, as this shrieking drunken scum, full of the fancies of their condition, make out. If they had any sense they ought to know that in souls, pure and cleansed from all defilement, the prophetic gift shines clear. In a foul mirror you cannot see what the reflexion is, neither can a soul preoccupied with cares of this life, and darkened with the passions of the lust of the flesh, receive the rays of the Holy Ghost. Every dream is not a prophecy, as says Zechariah, The Lord shall make bright clouds, and give them showers of rain,...for the idols have spoken vanity and the diviners have told false dreams. Zechariah 10:1-2 Those who, as Isaiah says, dream and love to sleep in their bed forget that an operation of error is sent to the children of disobedience. Ephesians 2:2 And there is a lying spirit, which arose in false prophecies, and deceived Ahab. 1 Kings 22:22 Knowing this they ought not to have been so lifted up as to ascribe the gift of prophecy to themselves. They are shown to fall far short even of the case of the seer Balaam; for Balaam when invited by the king of Moab with mighty bribes brooked not to utter a word beyond the will of God, nor to curse Israel whom the Lord cursed not. Numbers 22:11 If then their sleep-fancies do not tally with the commandments of the Lord, let them be content with the Gospels. The Gospels need no dreams to add to their credit. The Lord has sent His peace to us, and left us a new commandment, to love one another, but dreams bring strife and division and destruction of love. Let them therefore not give occasion to the devil to attack their souls in sleep; nor make their imaginations of more authority than the instruction of salvation.

[Πρός: Τοῖς κατὰ Νεοκαισάρειαν λογιωτάτοις.] Ὅλως μὲν οὐδὲν ἐδεόμην τὴν ἐμαυτοῦ γνώμην δημοσιεύειν ὑμῖν, οὐδὲ τὰς αἰτίας λέγειν, δι’ ἃς νῦν ἐγὼ ἐπὶ τῶν τόπων εἰμὶ τούτων· καὶ γὰρ οὐδὲ ἄλλως τῶν φανητιώντων ἐγώ, οὐδὲ τὸ πρᾶγμα τοσούτων μαρτύρων ἄξιον. ἀλλʼ, οἶμαι, οὐχ ἃ βουλόμεθα ποιοῦμεν, ἀλλʼ ἐφʼ ἃ προκαλοῦνται ἡμᾶς οἱ καθηγούμενοι. ἐπεὶ· ἔμοιγε τὸ παντελῶς ἀγνοεῖσθαι πλέον ἐσπούδασται ἢ τοῖς φιλοδόξοις τὸ διαφαίνεσθαι. ἐπεὶ δὲ πάντων, ὡς ἀκούω, τῶν κατὰ τὴν ὑμετέραν πόλιν τὰ ὦτα διατεθρύλληται, καὶ εἰσί τινες λογοποιοί, δημιουργοὶ τοῦ ψεύδους, πρὸς αὐτὸ τοῦτο μεμισθωμένοι, οἳ τὰ ἐμὰ ὑμῖν ἐξηγοῦνται, οὐκ ᾠήθην δεῖν περιιδεῖν ὑμᾶς γνώμῃ πονηρᾷ καὶ φωνῇ ῥυπώσῃ δίδασκομένους, ἀλλʼ αὐτὸς εἰπεῖν τὰ ἐμαυτοῦ ὅπως ἔχει. ἐγὼ καὶ διὰ τὴν ἐκ παιδός μοι πρὸς τὸ χωρίον τοῦτο συνήθειαν (ἐνταῦθα γὰρ ἐτράφην παρὰ τῇ ἐμαυτοῦ τίτθῃ), καὶ διὰ τὴν μετὰ ταῦτα ἐπὶ πλεῖστον διατριβήν, ὅτε φεύγων τοὺς πολιτικοὺς θορύβους, ἐπιτήδειον ἐμφιλοσοφῆσαι διὰ τὴν ἐκ τῆς ἐρημίας ἡσυχίαν τὸ χωρίον τοῦτο καταμαθών, πολλῶν ἐτῶν ἐφεξῆς ἐνδιέτριψα χρόνον, καὶ διὰ τὴν νῦν τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἐνοίκησιν, βραχείας ἀναπνοῆς ἐκ τῶν κατεχουσῶν ἡμᾶς ἀσχολιῶν ἐπιτυχών, ἄσμενος ἦλθον ἐπὶ τὴν ἐσχατιὰν ταύτην, οὐχ ὡς ἑτέροις ἐντεῦθεν πράγματα παρέξων, ἀλλʼ ὡς αὐτὸς τὴν ἐμαυτοῦ θεραπεύσων ἐπιθυμίαν. Τί οὖν χρὴ πρὸς ὀνείρους καταφεύγειν, καὶ ὀνειροσκόπους μισθοῦσθαι, καὶ ἐν ταῖς πανδήμοις ἑστιάσεσιν ἡμᾶς ποιεῖσθαι παροίνιον διήγημα; ἐγὼ γάρ, εἰ καὶ παρʼ ἄλλοις τισὶν ἦσαν αἱ διαβολαί, ὑμᾶς ἂν τῆς ἐμαυτοῦ γνώμης μάρτυρας παρεστησάμην. καὶ νῦν ἀξιῶ αὐτῶν ἕκαστον τῶν παλαιῶν ἐκείνων ἀναμνησθῆναι, ὅτε ἐκάλει μὲν ἡμᾶς ἡ πόλις ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν νέων ἐπιμέλειαν, πρεσβεία δὲ παρῆν τῶν παρʼ ὑμῖν ἀνδρῶν οἱ ἐν τέλει· μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα, ὅπως πανδημεὶ πάντες περιχυθέντες ἡμᾶς, τί μὲν οὐχὶ διδόντες; τί δὲ οὐχ ὑπισχνούμενοι; ὅμως κατασχεῖν ἡμᾶς οὐκ ἠδυνήθησαν. πῶς οὖν ὁ τότε καλούμενος οὐχ ὑπακούων, νῦν ἐπεχείρουν ἂν ἄκλητος εἰσωθίζεσθαι; πῶς δὲ ὁ τοὺς ἐπαινοῦντάς με καὶ θαυμάζοντας ἀποφεύγων, ἔμελλον ἂν νῦν διώκειν τοὺς διαβάλλοντας; μὴ οἰηθῆτε, ὦ ἄριστοι· οὐχ οὕτως εὔωνα τὰ ἡμέτερα. οὔτε γὰρ ἄν τις ἀκυβερνήτου πλοίου σωφρονῶν ἐπιβαίη, οὔτε ἐκκλησίᾳ παραβάλοι, ᾗ τὸν κλύδωνα καὶ τὴν ζάλην αὐτοὶ οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν οἰακῶν καθεζόμενοι ἐμποιοῦσι. πόθεν γὰρ γέγονε θορύβου πλήρης ἡ πόλις, ὅτε οἱ μὲν ἔφευγον, οὐδενὸς διώκοντος, οἱ δὲ ὑπεξῄεσαν, οὐδενὸς ἐπιόντος· χρησμολόγοι δὲ καὶ ὀνειροσκόποι πάντες ἐμορμολύττοντο; πόθεν ἄλλοθεν ταῦτα; ἢ οὐχὶ καὶ παιδὶ γνώριμον, ὅτι ἐκ τῶν ἡγουμένων τοῦ πλήθους; ὧν τὰς αἰτίας τῆς ἔχθρας ἐμοὶ μὲν οὐκ εὐπρεπὲς λέγειν, ὑμῖν δὲ συνορᾷν καὶ πάνυ ῥᾴδιον. ὅταν γὰρ ἡ μὲν πικρία καὶ ἡ διάστασις μηδεμίαν ἔχοι ὑπερβολὴν εἰς χαλεπότητα, ἡ δὲ τῆς αἰτίας ἐξήγησις ἀνυπόστατος παντελῶς καὶ καταγέλαστος ᾖ, δῆλόν ἐστι τῆς ψυχῆς τὸ ἀρρώστημα, ἀλλοτρίοις μὲν ἀγαθοῖς ἐπισυμβαῖνον, οἰκεῖον δὲ καὶ πρῶτον κακὸν ὑπάρχον τῷ κεκτημένῳ. οἷς καὶ ἄλλο δή τι χάριεν πρόσεστιν. ἀμυσσόμενοι γὰρ ἐν τῷ βάθει καὶ ὀδυνώμενοι, ἐκλαλῆσαι τὴν συμφορὰν ὑπὸ τῆς αἰσχύνης οὐκ ἐπιτρέπονται. τοῦτο μὲν οὖν οὐκ ἐκ τῶν πρὸς ἡμᾶς μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ λοιποῦ βίου γνώριμόν ἐστι τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτῶν τὸ πάθημα· εἰ δὲ καὶ ἀγνοοῖτο, οὐ μεγάλη ζημία τοῖς πράγμασι. τὴν δὲ ἀληθεστάτην αἰτίαν δι’ ἣν φευκτὴν ἡμῶν τὴν συντυχίαν τίθενται, λανθάνουσαν ἴσως τοὺς πολλοὺς ὑμῶν, ἐγὼ διδάξω. ἀλλʼ ἀκούσατε. Πίστεως διαστροφὴ παρʼ ὑμῖν μελετᾶται, ἐχθρὰ μὲν τοῖς ἀποστολικοῖς καὶ εὐαγγελικοῖς δόγμασιν, ἐχθρὰ δὲ τῇ παραδόσει τοῦ μεγάλου ὡς ἀληθῶς· Γρηγορίου καὶ τῶν ἐφεξῆς ἀπʼ ἐκείνου μέχρι τοῦ μακαρίου Μουσωνίου· οὗ τὰ διδάγματα ἔναυλα ὑμῖν ἐστιν ἔτι καὶ νῦν δηλονότι. τὸ γὰρ τοῦ Σαβελλίου κακόν, πάλαι μὲν κινηθέν, καταβεσθὲν δὲ τῇ παραδόσει τοῦ μεγάλου, ἐπιχειροῦσι νῦν ἀνανεοῦσθαι οὗτοι, οἱ φόβῳ τῶν ἐλέγχων τοὺς καθʼ ἡμῶν ὀνείρους πλάττοντες. ἀλλʼ ὑμεῖς τὰς οἰνοβαρεῖς κεφαλάς, ἃς ὁ ἐκ τῆς κραιπάλης ἀναφερόμενος ἀτμός, εἶτα ἐγκυμαίνων, καταφαντάζει, χαίρειν ἀφέντες, παρὰ τῶν ἐγρηγορότων ἡμῶν, καὶ διὰ τὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ φόβον μὴ δυναμένων ἡσυχάζειν, τὴν βλάβην ὑμῶν ἀκούσατε. Ἰουδαισμός ἐστιν ὁ Σαβελλισμός, ἐν προσχήματι Χριστιανισμοῦ τῷ εὐαγγελικῷ κηρύγματι ἐπεισαγόμενος. ὁ γὰρ ἓν πρᾶγμα πολυπρόσωπον λέγων Πατέρα καὶ Υἱὸν καὶ ἅγιον Πνεῦμα, καὶ μίαν τῶν τριῶν τὴν ὑπόστασιν ἐκτιθέμενος, τί ἄλλο ποιεῖ, ἢ οὐχὶ ἀρνεῖται μὲν τὴν προαιώνιον τοῦ Μονογενοῦς ὕπαρξιν; ἀρνεῖται δὲ καὶ τὴν οἰκονομικὴν αὐτοῦ πρὸς ἀνθρώπους ἐπιδημίαν, τὴν εἰς ᾄδου κάθοδον, τὴν ἀνάστασιν, τὴν κρίσιν· ἀρνεῖται δὲ καὶ τὰς ἰδιαζούσας τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐνεργείας. παρὰ δὲ ὑμῖν νῦν καὶ νεανικώτερα ἀκούω τολμᾶσθαι τοῦ ματαιόφρονος Σαβελλίου. λέγουσι γάρ, ὡς οἱ ἀκηκοότες φασί, διατείνεσθαι τοὺς παρʼ ὑμῖν σοφοὺς καὶ λέγειν, ὅτι ὄνομα τοῦ Μονογενοῦς οὐ παραδέδοται, ὄνομα δὲ τοῦ ἀντικειμένου ἐστί· καὶ ἐπὶ τούτῳ γάννυσθαι μέν, καὶ μέγα φρονεῖν, ὡς ἐπὶ οἰκείῳ εὑρήματι. εἴρηται γάρ, φησίν· Ἐγὼ ἦλθον ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Πατρός μου, καὶ οὐκ ἐλάβετέ με· ἐὰν ἄλλος ἔλθῃ ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ ὀνόματι, ἐκεῖνον λήψεσθε. καὶ διὰ τὸ εἰρῆσθαι, Μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, βαπτίζοντες αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος, δῆλόν ἐστι, φασίν, ὅτι ἕν ἐστιν ὄνομα. οὐ γὰρ εἴρηται εἰς τὰ ὀνόματα ἀλλʼ εἰς τὸ ὄνομα. Ταῦτα ἐρυθριῶν ἔγραφον ὑμῖν, ὅτι ἀφʼ αἵματος ἡμετέρου εἰσὶν οἱ τούτοις ἔνοχοι, καὶ καταστενάζω τῆς ἐμαυτοῦ ψυχῆς, ὅτι ἀναγκάζομαι, ὥσπερ οἱ πρὸς δύο πυκτεύοντες, τὰς ἐφʼ ἑκάτερα τοῦ λόγου παρατροπὰς κρούων τοῖς ἐλέγχοις καὶ καταβάλλων, τὴν προσήκουσαν ἰσχὺν ἀποδιδόναι τῇ ἀληθείᾳ. ἐντεῦθεν γὰρ ὁ Ἀνόμοιος ἡμᾶς σπαράσσει, ἑτέρωθεν δέ, ὡς ἔοικεν, ὁ Σαβέλλιος. ἀλλʼ ὑμᾶς παρακαλῶ, τοῖς βδελυροῖς τούτοις καὶ μηδένα παρατρέψαι δυναμένοις σοφίσμασι μὴ προσέχειν τὸν νοῦν, εἰδέναι δέ, ὅτι ἐστὶ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Χριστοῦ, τὸ ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὄνομα, αὐτὸ τὸ καλεῖσθαι αὐτὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ κατὰ τὸν Πέτρου λόγον· Οὐδέ ἐστιν ἕτερον ὄνομα ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανόν, τὸ δεδομένον ἐν ἀνθρώποις, ἐν ᾧ δεῖ σωθῆναι ἡμᾶς. πρὸς δὲ τό, ὅτι Ἐγὼ ἦλθον ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Πατρός μου, ἐκεῖνο εἰδέναι χρή, ὅτι ἀρχὴν ἑαυτοῦ καὶ αἰτίαν ἐπιγραφόμενος τὸν Πατέρα, ταῦτα λέγει. εἰ δὲ εἴρηται, Πορευθέντες βαπτίζετε εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος, οὐ παρὰ τοῦτο χρὴ νομίζειν ἓν ἡμῖν ὄνομα παραδεδόσθαι. ὡς γὰρ ὁ εἰπὼν Παῦλος καὶ Σιλουανὸς καὶ Τιμόθεος τρία μὲν εἶπεν ὀνόματα, συνέδησε δὲ αὐτὰ ἀλλήλοις διὰ τῆς καὶ συλλαβῆς· οὕτως ὁ εἰπὼν ὄνομα Πατρὸς καὶ Υἱοῦ καὶ ἁγίου Πνεύματος, τρία εἰπών, συνέπλεξεν αὐτὰ τῷ συνδέσμῳ, ἑκάστῳ ὀνόματι ἴδιον ὑποβεβλῆσθαι τὸ σημαινόμενον ἐκδιδάσκων, διότι πραγμάτων ἐστὶ σημαντικὰ τὰ ὀνόματα. τὰ δὲ πράγματα ἰδιάζουσαν καὶ αὐτοτελῆ τὴν ὕπαρξιν ἔχειν οὐδεὶς τῶν καὶ μικρὸν μετεχόντων τοῦ φρονεῖν ἀμφιβάλλει. πατρὸς γὰρ καὶ Υἱοῦ καὶ ἁγίου Πνεύματος φύσις μὲν ἡ αὐτή, καὶ θεότης μία· ὀνόματα δὲ διάφορα, περιωρισμένας καὶ ἀπηρτισμένας τὰς ἐννοίας ἡμῖν παριστῶντα. ἀμήχανον γάρ, μὴ ἐν τοῖς ἑκάστου ἰδιώμασι τὴν διάνοιαν γενομένην ἀσύγχυτον, δυνηθῆναι Πατρὶ καὶ Υἱῷ καὶ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι τὴν δοξολογίαν ἀποπληρῶσαι. ἐὰν μὲν οὖν ἀρνῶνται μὴ λέγειν ταῦτα, μηδὲ διδάσκειν οὕτω, κατώρθωται ἡμῖν τὰ σπουδαζόμενα. καίτοι χαλεπὴν αὐτοῖς οὖσαν ὁρῶ τὴν ἄρνησιν, διὰ τὸ πολλοὺς ἔχειν τῶν λόγων τούτων τοὺς μάρτυρας. πλὴν ἀλλʼ οὐ σκοποῦμεν τὰ παρελθόντα, τὰ παρόντα μόνον ὑγιαινέτωσαν. ἐὰν δὲ τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἐπιμένωσιν, ἀνάγκη καὶ πρὸς ἄλλας ἐκκλησίας ἐκβοῆσαι ἡμᾶς τὴν καθʼ ὑμᾶς συμφοράν, καὶ ποιῆσαι παρὰ πλειόνων ἐπισκόπων γράμματα ὑμῖν ἀφικέσθαι, τὸ μέγεθος τοῦτο τῆς ὑποκατασκευαζομένης ἀσεβείας καταρρηγνύντα. ἢ γὰρ προὔργου τι ἔσται εἰς τὴν σπουδὴν ἢ πάντως ἡ παροῦσα διαμαρτυρία ἀφήσει ἡμᾶς τῆς αἰτίας ἐπὶ τοῦ κριτηρίου. Ἤδη δὲ καὶ ἐν συντάγμασιν οἰκείοις κατεβάλοντο τοὺς λόγους τούτους, οὕσπερ καὶ ἀπέστειλαν πρῶτον τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ τοῦ Θεοῦ Μελετίῳ τῷ ἐπισκόπῳ, καὶ λαβόντες παρʼ αὐτοῦ τὰς προσηκούσας ἀποκρίσεις, ὡς αἱ τῶν τεράτων μητέρες ἐπαισχυνόμεναι τοῖς πηρώμασι τῆς φύσεως, οὕτω καὶ αὐτοὶ τὰς αἰσχρὰς ἑαυτῶν ὠδῖνας τῷ προσήκοντι σκότῳ κατακρύψαντες τιθηνοῦνται. καθῆκαν δέ τινα πεῖραν δι’ ἐπιστολῆς καὶ πρὸς τὸν ὁμόψυχον ἡμῶν Ἄνθιμον τὸν Τυάνων ἐπίσκοπον, ὡς ἄρα Γρηγορίου εἰπόντος ἐν ἐκθέσει Πίστεως, Πατέρα καὶ Υἱὸν ἐπινοίᾳ μὲν εἶναι δύο, ὑποστάσει δὲ ἕν. τοῦτο δὲ ὅτι οὐ δογματικῶς εἴρηται, ἀλλʼ ἀγωνιστικῶς ἐν τῇ πρὸς Αἰλιανὸν διαλέξει, οὐκ ἠδυνήθησαν συνιδεῖν οἱ ἐπὶ λεπτότητι τῶν φρενῶν ἑαυτοὺς μακαρίζοντες. ἐν ᾗ πολλὰ τῶν ἀπογραψαμένων ἐστὶ σφάλματα, ὡς ἐπʼ αὐτῶν τῶν λέξεων δείξομεν ἡμεῖς, ἐὰν ὁ Θεὸς θέλῃ. ἔπειτα μέντοι τὸν Ἕλληνα πείθων, οὐχ ἡγεῖτο χρῆναι ἀκριβολογεῖσθαι περὶ τὰ ῥήματα· ἀλλʼ ἔστιν ὅπη καὶ συνδιδόντα τῷ ἔθει τοῦ ἐναγομένου, ὡς ἂν μὴ ἀντιτείνοι πρὸς τὰ καίρια. διὸ δὴ καὶ πολλὰς ἂν εὕροις ἐκεῖ φωνάς, τὰς νῦν τοῖς αἱρετικοῖς μεγίστην ἰσχὺν παρεχομένας· ὡς τὸ κτίσμα, καὶ τὸ ποίημα, καὶ εἴ τι τοιοῦτον. πολλὰ δὲ καὶ περὶ τῆς πρὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον συναφείας εἰρημένα, εἰς τὸν περὶ τῆς θεότητος ἀναφέρουσι λόγον οἱ ἀπαιδεύτως τῶν γεγραμμένων ἀκούοντες· ὁποῖόν ἐστι καὶ τοῦτο, τὸ παρὰ τούτων περιφερόμενον. εὖ γὰρ εἰδέναι χρή, ὅτι ὥσπερ ὁ τὸ κοινὸν τῆς οὐσίας μὴ ὁμολογῶν εἰς πολυθεΐαν ἐκπίπτει, οὕτως ὁ τὸ ἰδιάζον τῶν ὑποστάσεων μὴ διδοὺς εἰς τὸν Ἰουδαϊσμὸν ὑποφέρεται. δεῖ γὰρ τὴν διάνοιαν ἡμῶν οἱονεὶ ἐπερεισθεῖσαν ὑποκειμένῳ τινὶ καὶ ἐναργεῖς αὐτοῦ ἐντυπωσαμένην τοὺς χαρακτῆρας, οὕτως ἐν περινοίᾳ γενέσθαι τοῦ ποθουμένου. μὴ γὰρ νοήσαντες τὴν πατρότητα, μηδὲ περὶ ὃν ἀφώρισται τὸ ἰδίωμα τοῦτο ἐνθυμηθέντες, πῶς δυνατὸν Θεοῦ Πατρὸς ἔννοιαν παραδέξασθαι; οὐ γὰρ ἐξαρκεῖ διαφορὰς προσώπων ἀπαριθμήσασθαι, ἀλλὰ χρὴ ἕκαστον πρόσωπον ἐν ὑποστάσει ἀληθινῇ ὑπάρχον ὁμολογεῖν. ἐπεὶ τόν γε ἀνυπόστατον τῶν προσώπων ἀναπλασμὸν οὐδὲ ὁ Σαβέλλιος παρῃτήσατο, εἰπὼν τὸν αὐτὸν Θεόν, ἕνα τῷ ὑποκειμένῳ ὄντα, πρὸς τὰς ἑκάστοτε παραπιπτούσας χρείας μεταμορφούμενον, νῦν μὲν ὡς Πατέρα, νῦν δὲ ὡς Υἱόν, νῦν δὲ ὡς Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον διαλέγεσθαι. ταύτην πάλαι κατασβεσθεῖσαν τὴν πλάνην ἀνανεοῦνται νῦν οἱ τῆς ἀνωνύμου ταύτης αἱρέσεως ἐφευρεταί, οἱ τὰς ὑποστάσεις ἀθετοῦντες, καὶ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἀπαρνούμενοι. οὓς ἐὰν μὴ παύσωνται λαλοῦντες κατὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἀδικίαν, ὀδύρεσθαι χρὴ μετὰ τῶν ἀρνησιχρίστων. Ταῦτα ἀναγκαίως ὑμῖν διεστειλάμεθα, ἵνα τὰς ἀπὸ τῶν πονηρῶν διδαγμάτων βλάβας φυλάξησθε. τῷ ὄντι γάρ, εἰ χρὴ τὰς πονηρὰς διδασκαλίας τοῖς ὀλεθρίοις φαρμάκοις ἐξομοιοῦν, ὡς οἱ παρʼ ὑμῖν ὀνειροσκόποι φασί, ταῦτα ἐστι καὶ κώνειον, καὶ ἀκόνιτον, καὶ εἴ τι ἕτερον φάρμακον ἀνδροφόνον. ταῦτα ψυχῶν δηλητήρια, οὐχ οἱ ἡμέτεροι λόγοι, ἅπερ αἱ οἰνόπληκτοι μήνιγγες ἐκβοῶσι, πολυφάνταστοι οὖσαι διὰ τὸ πάθος· οὕς εἴπερ ἐσωφρόνουν, ἐχρῆν εἰδέναι, ὅτι ταῖς ἀχράντοις καὶ πάσης κηλῖδος κεκαθαρμέναις ψυχαῖς τὸ προφητικὸν ἐναυγάζει χάρισμα. οὔτε γὰρ κατόπτρῳ ῥυπῶντι δυνατὸν τῶν εἰκόνων δέξασθαι τὰς ἐμφάσεις, οὔτε ψυχὴν ταῖς βιωτικαῖς προειλημμένην μερίμναις καὶ τοῖς ἐκ τοῦ φρονήματος τῆς σαρκὸς ἐπισκοτουμένην πάθεσι δυνατὸν ὑποδέξασθαι τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος τὰς ἐλλάμψεις. οὐ γὰρ πᾶν ἐνύπνιον εὐθὺς προφητεία, ὥς φησι Ζαχαρίας· κύριος ἐποίησε φαντασίαν, καὶ ὑετὸν χειμερινόν, διότι οἱ ἀποφθεγγόμενοι ἐλάλησαν κόπους, καὶ τὰ ἐνύπνια ψευδῆ ἐλάλουν. οὗτοι δὲ κἀκεῖνο ἀγνοοῦσιν, οἱ κατὰ τὸν Ἠσαΐαν ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι καὶ κοίτην φιλοῦντες νυστάξαι, ὅτι πολλάκις ἐνέργεια πλάνης ἀποστέλλεται ἐπὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς τῆς ἀπειθείας. καὶ ἔστι πνεῦμα ψευδές, ὃ ἐν τοῖς ψευδοπροφήταις γενόμενον τὸν Ἀχαὰβ ἐξηπάτησε. ταῦτα εἰδότες, ἔδει μὴ τοσοῦτον ὑπεραρθῆναι, ὥστε ἑαυτοῖς προφητείαν προσμαρτυρεῖν, οἵ γε δείκνυνται καὶ τοῦ οἰωνοσκόπου Βαλαὰμ τῆς ἀκριβείας ἀπολειπόμενοι. ὃς ὑπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως τῶν Μωαβιτῶν ἐπὶ μεγίσταις δωρεαῖς μετακληθείς, οὐκ ἠνέσχετο ἀφεῖναι φωνὴν παρὰ τὸ βούλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ, οὐδὲ ἀράσασθαι τὸν Ἰσραήλ, ὃν οὐκ ἀρᾷται Κύριος. εἰ μὲν οὖν ταῖς ἐντολαῖς τοῦ Κυρίου αἱ κατὰ τὸν ὕπνον αὐτῶν φαντασίαι συντρέχουσιν, ἀρκείσθωσαν τοῖς Εὐαγγελίοις, οὐδεμιᾶς βοηθείας ἐκ τῶν ὀνείρων εἰς τὴν ἀξιοπιστίαν προσδεομένοις· εἰ δὲ ὁ μὲν Κύριος τὴν ἑαυτοῦ εἰρήνην ἀφῆκεν ἡμῖν, καὶ ἐντολὴν καινὴν ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν, ἵνα ἀγαπῶμεν ἀλλήλους, τὰ δὲ ὀνείρατα μάχην καὶ διάστασιν καὶ ἀγάπης ἀφανισμὸν ὑφηγεῖται, μὴ διδότωσαν καιρὸν τῷ διαβόλῳ διὰ τοῦ ὕπνου ταῖς ψυχαῖς αὐτῶν ἐπιβαίνειν, μηδὲ κυριώτερα ποιείτωσαν τὰ παρʼ ἑαυτῶν φαντάσματα τῶν σωτηρίων διδαγμάτων.