Letter 59: 1. I have long time holden my peace. Am I to hold my peace for ever?

To Gregory, My Uncle. 1. I have long been holding back from writing to you about the matters that weigh on me, partly out of respect for your seniority and partly because I feared my words might seem presumptuous. But the situation has grown so critical that silence itself would be a failing. 2. You know the state of the Churches. You have seen — more clearly than I, for you have lived longer and observed more — the decline from the standards of our fathers. Where there was once unity, there is now faction. Where there was simplicity, there is now worldliness. Where there was courage, there is now compromise. I do not say these things to lecture you, for you have yourself stood firm where others have given way. 3. What I ask is your counsel. You have experience and judgment that I lack. The problems I face daily — questions of discipline, of doctrine, of personnel — require wisdom beyond my years. I would count it an enormous favor if you would write to me regularly with your thoughts on how these matters should be handled. Even a short letter would be a gift beyond price. 4. Forgive me if anything in this letter sounds forward. I write as a nephew to his uncle, but also as a young bishop to an elder in the faith. In both capacities, I need your guidance more than I can say.

ST. BASIL OF CAESAREA To Gregory, his uncle. 1. I have long time holden my peace. Am I to hold my peace for ever? Shall I still further endure to enforce against myself the hardest punishment of silence, by neither writing myself, nor receiving any statement from another? By holding fast to this stern determination up to the present time I am able to apply to myself the prophet's words, I endure patiently like travailing woman. Yet I am ever longing for communication either in person or by letter, and ever, for my own sins' sake, missing it. For I cannot imagine any reason for what is happening, other than what I am convinced is the true one, that by being cut off from your love I am expiating old sins; if indeed I am not wrong in using such a phrase as cut off in your case, from any one, much less from me, to whom you have always been as a father. Now my sin, like some dense cloud overshadowing me, has made me forget all this. When I reflect that the only result to me of what is going on is sorrow, how can I attribute it to anything but to my own wickedness? But if events are to be traced to sins, be this the end of my troubles; if there was any intended discipline in it, then your object has been very completely attained, for the punishment has been going on for a long time; so I groan no longer, but am the first to break silence, and beseech you to remember both me and yourself who, to a greater degree than our relationship might have demanded, have shown me strong affection all my life. Now, I implore you, show kindness to the city for my sake. Do not on my account alienate yourself from it. 2. If, then, there is any consolation in Christ, any fellowship of the Spirit, any mercy and pity, fulfil my prayer. Put a stop to my depression. Let there be a beginning of brighter things for the future. Be yourself a leader to others in the road to all that is best, and follow no one else in the way to what is wrong. Never was any feature so characteristic of any one's body as gentleness and peace are of your soul. It were well becoming such a one as you are to draw all others to yourself, and to cause all who come near you to be permeated with the goodness of your nature, as with the fragrance of myrrh. For though there be a certain amount of opposition now, nevertheless ere long there will be a recognition of the blessings of peace. So long, however, as room is found for the calumnies that are bred of dissension, suspicion is sure to grow from worse to worse. It is most certainly unbecoming for the rest to take no notice of me, but it is especially unbecoming in your excellency. If I am wrong I shall be all the better for being rebuked. This is impossible if we never meet. But, if I am doing no wrong, for what am I disliked? So much I offer in my own defense. 3. As to what the Churches might say in their own behalf, perhaps it is better for me to be silent: they reap the result of our disagreement, and it is not to their gain. I am not speaking to indulge my grief but to put a stop to it. And your intelligence, I am sure, has suffered nothing to escape you. You will yourself be better able to discern and to tell to others points of far greater importance than I can conceive. You saw the mischief done to the Churches before I did; and you are grieving more than I am, for you have long learned from the Lord not to despise even the least. And now the mischief is not confined to one or two, but whole cities and peoples are sharers in my calamities. What need to tell what kind of report will spread about me even beyond our borders? It were well for you, large hearted as you are, to leave the love of strife to others; nay rather, if it be possible, to root it from their hearts, while you yourself vanquish what is grievous by endurance. Any angry man can defend himself, but to rise above the actual anger belongs only to you, and any one as good as you, if such there be. One thing I will not say, that he who has a grudge against me is letting his anger fall on the innocent. Do then comfort my soul by coming to me, or by a letter, or by inviting me to come to you, or by some means or other. My prayer is that your piety may be seen in the Church and that you may heal at once me and the people, both by the sight of you and by the words of your good grace. If this be possible it is best; if you determine on any other course I shall willingly accept it. Only accede to my entreaty that you will give me distinct information as to what your wisdom decides.

[Πρός: Γρηγορίῳ θείῳ] Ἐσιώπησα. μὴ καὶ ἀεὶ σιωπήσομαι, καὶ ἀνέξομαι ἐπὶ πλεῖον τὴν δυσφορωτάτην ζημίαν τῆς σιωπῆς κυρῶσαι κατʼ ἐμαυτοῦ μήτε αὐτὸς ἐπιστέλλων, μήτε ἀκούων προσφθεγγομένου; ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ μέχρι τοῦ παρόντος ἐγκαρτερήσας τῷ σκυθρωπῷ τούτῳ δόγματι, ἡγοῦμαι πρέπειν κἀμοὶ τὰ τοῦ προφήτου λέγειν· ὅτι Ἐκαρτέρησα ὡς ἡ τίκτουσα, ἀεὶ μὲν ἐπιθυμῶν ἢ συντυχίας ἢ λόγων, ἀεὶ δὲ ἀποτυγχάνων διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας τὰς ἐμαυτοῦ. οὐ γὰρ δὴ ἄλλην τινὰ αἰτίαν ἔχω τοῖς γινομένοις ἐπινοεῖν, πλήν γε δὴ τοῦ πεπεῖσθαι παλαιῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ἐκτιννύειν δίκας, ἐν τῷ χωρισμῷ τῆς ἀγάπης σου· εἰ δὴ καὶ ὀνομάζειν χωρισμὸν ὅσιον ἐπὶ σοῦ καὶ οὑτινοσοῦν τῶν τυχόντων, μὴ ὅτι γε ἡμῶν, οἷς ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐν πατρὸς γέγονας χώρᾳ. Ἀλλʼ ἡ ἁμαρτία μου νῦν, οἷα νεφέλη βαθεῖά τις ἐπισχοῦσα, πάντων ἐκείνων ἄγνοιαν ἐνεποίησεν. ὅταν γὰρ ἀπίδω, πλὴν τοῦ ἐμοὶ λύπην τὸ γινόμενον φέρειν, μηδὲν ἕτερον ἐξ αὐτοῦ κατορθούμενον, πῶς οὐχὶ εἰκότως ταῖς ἐμαυτοῦ κακίαις ἀνατίθημι τὰ παρόντα; ἀλλʼ εἴτε ἁμαρτίαι τῶν συμβάντων αἰτίαι, τοῦτό μοι πέρας ἔστω τῶν δυσχερῶν· εἴτε τι οἰκονομούμενον ἦν, ἐξεπληρώθη πάντως τὸ σπουδαζόμενον. οὐ γὰρ ὀλίγος ὁ τῆς ζημίας χρόνος. διό, μηκέτι στέγων, πρῶτος ἔρρηξα φωνήν, παρακαλῶν ἡμῶν τε αὐτῶν ἀναμνησθῆναι καὶ σεαυτοῦ, ὃς πλέον ἢ κατὰ τὸ τῆς συγγενείας εἰκὸς παρὰ πάντα τὸν βίον τὴν κηδεμονίαν ἡμῶν ἐπεδείξω, καὶ τὴν πόλιν νῦν ἡμῶν ἕνεκεν ἀγαπᾷν, ἀλλὰ μὴ δι’ ἡμᾶς ἀλλοτριοῦν σαυτὸν τῆς πόλεως. Εἴ τις οὖν παράκλησις ἐν Χριστῷ, εἴ τις κοινωνία Πνεύματος, εἴ τινα σπλάγχνα καὶ οἰκτιρμοί, πλήρωσον ἡμῶν τὴν εὐχήν· ἐνταῦθα στῆσον τὰ κατηφῆ, ἀρχήν τινα δὸς τοῖς φαιδροτέροις πρὸς τὸ ἑξῆς, αὐτὸς τοῖς ἄλλοις καθηγούμενος ἐπὶ τὰ βέλτιστα, ἀλλʼ οὐχὶ ἀκολουθῶν ἑτέρῳ ἐφʼ ἃ μὴ δεῖ. καὶ γὰρ οὐδὲ σώματος χαρακτὴρ ἴδιος οὕτω τινὸς ἐνομίσθη, ὡς τῆς σῆς ψυχῆς τὸ εἰρηνικόν τε καὶ ἥμερον. πρέποι δʼ ἂν οὖν τῷ τοιούτῳ τοὺς ἄλλους ἕλκειν πρὸς ἑαυτόν, καὶ παρέχειν πᾶσι τοῖς ἐγγίζουσί σοι, ὥσπερ μύρου τινὸς εὐωδίας, τῆς τοῦ σοῦ τρόπου χρηστότητος ἀναπίμπλασθαι. καὶ γὰρ εἴ τι καὶ ἀντιτεῖνόν ἐστι νῦν, ἀλλὰ μικρὸν ὕστερον καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ τῆς εἰρήνης ἀγαθὸν ἐπιγνώσεται. ἕως δʼ ἂν ἐκ τῆς διαστάσεως αἱ διαβολαὶ χώραν ἔχωσιν, ἀνάγκη ἀεὶ τὰς ὑποψίας ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον συναύξεσθαι. ἔστι μὲν οὖν οὐδὲ ἐκείνοις πρέπον ἀμελεῖν ἡμῶν, πάντων δὲ πλέον τῇ τιμιότητί σου. καὶ γὰρ εἰ μὲν ἁμαρτάνομέν τι, βελτίους ἐσόμεθα νουθετούμενοι. τοῦτο δὲ ἄνευ συντυχίας ἀμήχανον. εἰ δὲ οὐδὲν ἀδικοῦμεν, ἀντὶ τίνος μισούμεθα; ταῦτα μὲν δὴ οὖν τὰ τῆς ἰδίας ἐμαυτοῦ δικαιολογίας προΐσχομαι. Ἃ δʼ ἂν ὑπὲρ ἑαυτῶν αἱ ἐκκλησίαι εἴποιεν, οὐκ εἰς καλὸν τῆς διαστάσεως ἡμῶν ἀπολαύουσαι, βέλτιον μὲν σιωπᾷν. οὐ γὰρ ἵνα λυπήσω τοῖς λόγοις κέχρημαι τούτοις, ἀλλʼ ἵνα παύσω τὰ λυπηρά. τὴν δὲ σὴν σύνεσιν πάντως οὐδὲν διαπέφευγεν· ἀλλὰ πολλῷ μείζω καὶ τελειότερα ὧν ἡμεῖς νοοῦμεν αὐτὸς ἂν ἐξεύροις τῇ διανοίᾳ, καὶ ἄλλοις εἴποις, ὅς γε καὶ εἶδες πρὸ ἡμῶν τὰς βλάβας τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν καὶ λυπῇ μᾶλλον ἡμῶν πάλαι δεδιδαγμένος παρὰ τοῦ Κυρίου μηδενὸς τῶν ἐλαχίστων καταφρονεῖν. νυνὶ δὲ ἡ βλάβη οὐκ εἰς ἕνα ἢ δεύτερον περιορίζεται, ἀλλὰ πόλεις ὅλαι καὶ δῆμοι τῶν ἡμετέρων παραπολαύουσι συμφορῶν. τὴν γὰρ ἐπὶ τῆς ὑπερορίας φήμην τί χρὴ καὶ λέγειν ὁποία τις ἔσται περὶ ἡμῶν; πρέπει οὖν ἂν τῇ σῇ μεγαλοψυχίᾳ τὸ μὲν φιλόνεικον ἑτέροις παραχωρεῖν· μᾶλλον δὲ κἀκείνων ἐξελεῖν τῆς ψυχῆς, εἴπερ οἷόν τε· αὐτὸν δὲ δι’ ἀνεξικακίας νικῆσαι τὰ λυπηρά. τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἀμύνεσθαι παντός ἐστι τοῦ ὀργιζομένου, τὸ δὲ καὶ αὐτῆς τῆς ὀργῆς ὑψηλότερον εἶναι, τοῦτο δὴ μόνου σοῦ, καὶ εἴ τίς σοι τὴν ἀρετὴν παραπλήσιος. ἐκεῖνο δὲ οὐκ ἐρῶ, ὅτι ὁ ἡμῖν χαλεπαίνων εἰς τοὺς μηδὲν ἀδικήσαντας τὴν ὀργὴν ἐπαφίησιν. Εἴτε οὖν παρουσίᾳ, εἴτε γράμματι, εἴτε κλήσει τῇ πρὸς ἑαυτόν, εἴτε ᾧπερ ἂν ἐθέλοις τρόπῳ, παραμύθησαι ἡμῶν τὴν ψυχήν. ἡμῖν μὲν γὰρ εὐχὴ ἐπὶ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας φανῆναι τὴν θεοσέβειάν σου, καὶ ἡμᾶς τε ὁμοῦ καὶ τὸν λαὸν θεραπεῦσαι αὐτῇ τε τῇ ὄψει καὶ τοῖς λόγοις τῆς χάριτός σου. ἐὰν μὲν οὖν τοῦτο ᾖ δυνατόν, τοῦτο κράτιστον· ἐὰν δέ τι ἕτερον δόξῃ, κἀκεῖνο δεξόμεθα. μόνον παγίως γνωρίσαι ἡμῖν τὸ παριστάμενον τῇ φρονήσει σου παρακλήθητι.