Letter 2002: King Theodoric to Felix, Distinguished Man, Ordinary Consul.

CassiodorusFelix|c. 522 AD|Cassiodorus
barbarian invasionimperial politicsproperty economics

King Theodoric to Felix, Distinguished Man, Ordinary Consul.

We love to double our favors. A gift once given does not exhaust our generosity — on the contrary, those who first received the beginnings of our grace only spur us to reward them more often. Judgment is exercised toward newcomers, but favor is shown to proven men. It becomes a ruler not to hesitate in his decisions, since earlier honors are validated by later ones, and every verdict is confirmed beyond doubt when it is repeated. We gave you rank among the honors before; now we grant you the summit of all dignities — so that we may be seen to have conferred the earlier distinctions justly, and our benevolence may be judged consistent in what follows.

We do not allow those who are distinguished by the brilliance of their birth to remain without glory. Let honor flow through the generations, and under the rule of a good prince let every man's fortune advance. Who would despair of advancement where gifts are given out of love, where generosity is a settled principle? You yourself have experienced this clemency: when you left behind the fortunes of your native land and returned, as if by a kind of right of restoration, to your ancestral homeland [Italy], our affection received you, filled you with honors, and made it a blessing that you had sought our kingdom. For it was fitting that a man who chose the better part should rise. Fortune changes with one's rulers, and what a subject gains redounds to the glory of the king.

And you have shown yourself equal to this generosity. Enriched with the rank of Illustris, you conducted yourself with such maturity that you bore the weight of years far beyond your own — a man whom even the strongest force of nature could not overcome in the prime of youth. Enriched by your father's estate — which always gives new heirs a sense of grandeur — you preserved those riches, though you came into them without any labor of your own. What is easily found tends to slip away easily.

You increased your patrimony through tireless energy. What clearer sign of good stewardship could be asked, when the consulship itself bears witness? With such great resources you earned an honor that others barely attain by ruining their fortunes. Private thrift nourished public generosity. You surpassed your father's glory through admirable management: what he could not achieve, you accomplished from his wealth. Only great confidence aspires to the lofty chariot of the consul, for it takes a noble spirit to aim for the highest prize.

Self-assurance makes men bold, because nature will not allow the man she commands to step forward to remain hidden. Through you the consulship has returned to your Transalpine family [Gallic nobility], and you have renewed its withered laurels with fresh green shoots. Behold the sacred city [Rome] dressed in white for your celebration. Press on, then, toward the heights of praise, so that you may surpass in virtue those ancestors whose honor you restore. Take up the insignia of the consulship for the fourth indiction, and prove yourself worthy of such great expectations by the generosity you display.

This is truly the moment when lavish spending earns renown — where it is a form of virtue not to cling to one's own wealth, because as much reputation is gained as resources are spent. Look around: you will see yourself carried above every shoulder, your name on every lip. Show yourself worthy of your lineage, worthy of the city, worthy of our judgment, worthy of the consular robes.

Modern English rendering for readability. See the 19th-century translation or original Latin/Greek for scholarly use.

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