Letter 95: Setting aside the well-worn interpretations, let me state the meaning clearly — even if some think I am cutting a...
To Lampetios. Why Jacob was grasping the heel of Esau when they were being born. Jacob was grasping the heel of Esau when they were being born, signifying by this figure that the mind that sees God in purity — for this is what Israel means — trips up the gluttonous passions. This was fulfilled in those very persons, when Edom displayed his uncontrollable frenzy and made the honor of the birthright a slave to his appetite. For Esau, overcome by the momentary desire for a single meal of lentils, sold his birthright and thereby showed that those who are governed by bodily appetites readily exchange eternal blessings for temporary pleasures. Jacob, on the other hand, by his patience and cunning, demonstrated the superior wisdom of the spiritual mind that looks beyond the immediate gratification of the flesh to the lasting inheritance promised by God. Thus from the very womb, God showed in a type what would be fulfilled in history: that the spiritual shall triumph over the carnal, and the patient inheritor shall outlast the impulsive squanderer.
AI-assisted translation — This translation was produced with AI assistance and has not been peer-reviewed. See the 19th-century translation or original Latin/Greek below for scholarly use.
Latin / Greek Original
ΡΑΒ. - ΛΑΜΠΕΤΙΩ.
Διὰ τὶ ὁ Ἰακώβ ἐν τῷ τίκτεσθαι τῆς πτέρνης ἐπείληπτο τοῦ Ἡσαῦ.
Τῆς πτέρνης Ἡσαῦ ὁ Ἰακὼβ ἐπείληπτο ἐν τῷ
τίκτεσθαι, τοῦτο σημαίνων διὰ τοῦ σχήματος, ὅτι ὁ
νοῦς ὁ βλέπων Θεὸν καθαρότητι (τοῦτο γὰρ Ἰσραὴλ
ἑρμηνεύεται), πτερνίζει τὰ πάθη τὰ γαστρίμαργα ·
ὅπερ ἐπ' αὐτῶν ἐκείνων τετέλεστο, ἡνίκα τὴν
ἀκαρτέρητον λύτταν ὁ Ἐδὼμ ἐπεδείξατο, καὶ τῆς
πρεσβυγενείας τὴν τιμὴν οἰκέτιν ἐποίησε βρώσεως.
Υ.Ε. – ΣΥΝΟΔΙΩ.
Περὶ οἴνου καὶ μέθης.
Οἶνος εὐφραίνει καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου, ὁ μετρίως πι-
νόμενος πρὸς τὴν χρείαν τοῦ σώματος· ὁ δὲ ταύτης
ἐπέκεινα, ἄσωτος καὶ ὑβριστὴς καὶ ἀκόλαστος κέν
κληται. ᾿Ακόλαστον γὰρ οἶνος, καὶ ὑβριστικὸν μέθη.
Καὶ, «Μὴ μεθύσκεσθε οἴνῳ, ἐν ᾧ ἐστιν ἀσωτία,
φησὶν ἡ θεία Γραφή. Καὶ αὐτὴ δὲ ἡ φύσις ὄχλου-
μένη (79) τῇ ἀμετρίᾳ, διδάσκαλος γίνεται εὐεξίας.
ΑΡΧΕΛΑΩ
Δεῖ νομίζειν κακίας καὶ ἀρετῆς τὰ ἀποβαίνοντα
ΙΣΙΔΩΡΟ ΔΙΑΚΟΝΟ.
Εἰς τὸ · « Κατ' εἰκόνα καὶ καθ' ὁμοιότητα. »
Ἐπειδὴ ὁ σοφώτατος καὶ ὀξύτατος τὸ πολυθρύλ-
λητον πρόβλημα ἑρμηνευθῆναί σοι συντόμως καὶ
σαφῶς, καὶ μὴ διὰ κύκλων τινῶν, παρεκάλεσας, θά-
τερον δὲ θατέρῳ ἀντίκειται· τὸ μὲν γὰρ σαφὲς,
πολλῶν δεῖται λόγων· τὸ δὲ σύντομον, ὀλίγων· ὡς ἂν
οἷός τε ὦ, συγκεράσας τὴν σαφήνειαν τῇ συντομία, (
ἐπιστέλλω. Κρεῖττον μὲν ποιοῦσιν τῷ κρείττονι μέ-
ρει τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, τὸ κρεῖττον παραβάλλοντες. Εἰ δ
ἀσαφὲς εἶναι δοκεῖ τὸ εἰρημένον, σαφέστερον εἰρή-
σεται. "Αμεινον μὲν ποιοῦσιν, οἱ τῷ βελτίονι μέρει
τἀνθρώπου, τοῦτ᾽ ἔστι τῇ λογικῇ ψυχῇ τὸ θεῖον ἐξει-
κονίζοντες. Οἱ γὰρ ἀνθρωπόμορφον (50-51) αὐτὸ ἡγού-
μενοι, πάμπαν ἡλίθιοι, ἐπειδὴ τοῖς συγκαταβατικῶς
εἰρημένοις (52) περιπλέκονται· καὶ οὐδὲν θειότερον
ἐννοεῖν ἀνέχονται. Πῶς γὰρ εἴρηται· · Ἐν σκέπη
τῶν πτερύγων σου σκεπάσεις με, » καί · · Ἑπτὰ
ὀφθαλμοὶ Κυρίου ἐπιβλέποντες ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν
γῆν, » τοῦ ἀνθρώπου μήτε πτέρυγας, μήθ' ἑπτὰ ὄφ-
θαλμοὺς ἔχοντος; Πῶς δ᾽ ὁ Παῦλος ἀπεφήνατο, μηδ'
ἐνθυμήσεως ἀνθρώπου τὸ θεῖον εἶναι ὅμοιον; Πῶς
δ ὁ Ἡσαΐας εἶπεν, « Εἰ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ὡς σταγὼν
ἀπὸ κάδου, καὶ ὡς σίελος (53) ἐλογίσθησαν, ὁ δὲ
Λίβανος οὐχ ἱκανὸς εἰς καῦσιν, καὶ πάντα τὰ τετρά-
ποδα οὐχ ἱκανὰ εἰς ὀλοκάρπωσιν, τίνι ὁμοιώσετε
Κύριον; » Πῶς δὲ Μωσῆς οὗ τὴν λέξιν κακούργως
ἑρμηνεύειν πειρῶνται, ἔφησε· « Καὶ φυλάξεσθε σφό
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ΡΞΒ΄. – ΔΙΟΝΥΣΙΩ ΚΟΜΙΤΙ
Μὴ ταράττειν ὀργῇ τὸν λόγον.
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