Letter 32: To the priestess Theodora.

To the priestess Theodora. I received through Mygdonius the books you sent me, along with all the letters of recommendation you forwarded during the festival. Everything you send gives me pleasure, but the most welcome news of all concerns you yourself — that by the grace of the gods you are in good health and devoting yourself to the service of the gods with even more zeal and energy than before. Regarding what you wrote to the philosopher Maximus — that my friend Seleucus is hostile toward you — believe me, in my presence he neither does nor says anything that could be taken as slander. On the contrary, everything he tells me about you is favorable. I will not go so far as to say he genuinely feels friendly toward you — only he and the all-seeing gods can know the truth of that — but I can say with perfect sincerity that he refrains from any slander in my hearing. It seems pointless to probe for hidden feelings when his actual conduct gives me nothing to go on. But since you have made so many accusations against him and revealed a specific cause for your hostility, I will say this much frankly: if you are showing favor to anyone — man or woman, slave or free — who does not worship the gods and gives you no hope of conversion, you are wrong. Consider how you would feel about your own household. If a slave you cared about conspired with people who slandered and insulted you, while showing deference to them and contempt for your friends — would you not want him punished? Well then, should the gods be honored less than a mistress of slaves?

To the priestess Theodora [362, Jan-May, Const. or Antioch in the autumn] I have received through Mygdonius1 the books that you sent me, and besides, all the letters of recommendation2 that you forwarded to me throughout the festival. Every one of these gives me pleasure, but you may be sure that more pleasant than anything else is the news about your excellent self,3 that by the grace of the gods you are in good physical health, and are devoting yourself to the service of the gods more earnestly and energetically. As regards what you wrote to the philosopher Maximus, that my friend Seleucus4 is ill-disposed towards you, believe me that he neither does nor says in my presence anything that he could possibly intend as slandering. On the contrary, all that he tells me about you is favourable; and while I do not go so far as to say that he actually feels friendly to you—only he himself and the all-seeing gods can know the truth as to that—still I can say with perfect sincerity that he does refrain from any such calumny in my presence. Therefore it seems absurd to scrutinise what is thus concealed rather than what he actually does, and to search for proof of actions of which I have no shred of evidence. But since you have made so many accusations against him, and have plainly revealed to me a definite cause for your own hostility towards him, I do say this much to you frankly; if you are showing favour to any person, man or woman, slave or free, who neither worships the gods as yet, nor inspires in you any hope that you may persuade him to do so, you are wrong. For do but consider first how you would feel about your own household. Suppose that some slave for whom you feel affection should conspire with those who slandered and spoke ill of you, and showed deference to them, but abhorred and detested us who are your friends, would you not wish for his speedy destruction, or rather would you not punish him yourself? 1 Well then, are the gods to be less honoured than our friends? You must use the same argument with reference to them, you must consider that they are our masters and we their slaves. It follows, does it not, that if one of us who call ourselves servants of the gods has a favourite slave who abominates the gods and turns from their worship, we must in justice either convert him and keep him, or dismiss him from the house and sell him, in case some one does not find it easy to dispense with owning a slave? For my part I would not consent to be loved by those who do not love the gods; wherefore I now say plainly that you and all who aspire to priestly offices must bear this in mind, and engage with greater energy in the temple worship of the gods. And it is reasonable to expect that a priest should begin with his own household in showing reverence, and first of all prove that it is wholly and throughout pure of such grave distempers. 1 For Mygdonius cf. Letter 33, and Libanius, Letters 471, 518 written in 357. 2 Literally "tokens," tesserae, probably the same as the συνθήματα mentioned by Sozomen 5. 16; they were letters of recommendation for the use of Christian travellers; Sozomen says that Julian wished to establish this custom among the pagans. 3 Literally "your Goodness"; with this use cf. Oribasius. 4 Of Cilicia. He was an old friend of the Emperor's and accompanied him on the Persian campaign. From the letters of Libanius it seems that Julian had appointed Seleucus to some high priestly office in 362. 1 An echo of Plato, Euthyphro 13d; cf. Vol. 2, 289b.

[Πρός: Θεοδώρᾳ.] Τὸ βιβλίον, ὅπερ ἀπέστειλας διὰ Μυγδονίου, δεδέγμεθα, καὶ προσέτι πάντα ὅσα σύμβολα διὰ τῆς ἑορτῆς ἡμῖν ἐπέμπετο. ἔστι μὲν οὖν μοι καὶ τούτων ἕκαστον ἡδὺ, παντὸς δὲ ἥδιον, εὖ ἴσθι, τὸ πεπύσθαι με περὶ τῆς σῆς ἀγαθότητος, ὅτι σὺν θεοῖς ἔρρωταί σοι τὸ σῶμα, καὶ τὰ περὶ τοὺς θεοὺς ἐπιμελέστερον ἅμα καὶ συντονώτερον σπουδάζεται παρὰ σοῦ. περὶ δὲ ὧν πρὸς τὸν φιλόσοφον Μάξιμον ἔγραψας, ὡς τοῦ φίλου μου Σελεύκου διαφόρως ἔχοντος πρὸς σέ, πέπεισο μηθὲν αὐτὸν παρ’ ἐμοὶ τοιοῦτον πράττειν ἢ λέγειν, ἐξ ὧν ἄν σε μάλιστα διαβάλλοι· τοὐναντίον δὲ πάντα εὔφημα διεξέρχεται περὶ σοῦ, καὶ οὔπω λέγω τοῦθ’ ὅτι καὶ διάκειται περὶ σὲ καλῶς· ἐκεῖνο μὲν γὰρ αὐτὸς ἂν εἰδείη καὶ οἱ πάντα ὁρῶντες θεοί· τὸ δὲ ὅτι πάντων ἀπέχεται τῶν τοιούτων ἐπ’ ἐμοῦ, λίαν ἀληθεύων φημί. γελοῖον οὖν εἶναί μοι φαίνεται, μὴ τὰ πραττόμενα παρ’ αὐτοῦ σκοπεῖν ἀλλὰ τὰ κρυπτόμενα, καὶ ὧν οὐδέν ἐστί μοι φανερὸν τεκμήριον ἐξετάζειν. ἐπεὶ δὲ κατέδραμες αὐτοῦ πολλὰ πάνυ, καὶ περὶ αὑτῆς ἐδήλωσάς τινα, τὴν αἰτίαν μοι τῆς πρὸς αὐτὸν ἀπεχθείας φανερὰν ποιοῦσα, τοσοῦτον ἐγώ φημι πρός σε διαρρήδην, ὡς, εἴ τινα ἀνδρῶν ἢ γυναικῶν ἢ ἐλευθέρων ἢ δούλων ἀγαπᾷς οὔτε νῦν σέβοντα θεοὺς οὔτε ἐν ἐλπίδι τοῦ πείσειν αὐτὸν ἔχουσα, ἁμαρτάνεις. ἐννόησον γὰρ ὡς ἐπὶ σαυτῆς πρῶτον, εἴ τις οἰκετῶν τῶν φιλουμένων ὑπὸ σοῦ τοῖς λοιδορουμένοις καὶ βλασφημοῦσί σε συμπράττοι καὶ θεραπεύοι πλέον ἐκείνους, ἀποστρέφοιτο δὲ καὶ βδελύττοιτο τοὺς σοὺς φίλους ἡμᾶς, ἆρ’ οὐ τοῦτον αὐτίκα ἂν ἀπολέσθαι ἐθέλοις, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ αὐτὴ τιμωρήσαιο; τί οὖν; οἱ θεοὶ τῶν φίλων εἰσὶν ἀτιμότεροι; λόγισαι καὶ ἐπ’ αὐτῶν τοῦτο, δεσπότας μὲν ἐκείνους ὑπολαβοῦσα, δούλους δὲ ἡμᾶς. εἴ τις οὖν ἡμῶν, οἵ φαμεν εἶναι θεράποντες θεῶν, οἰκέτην στέργοι τὸν βδελυττόμενον αὐτοὺς καὶ ἀποστρεφόμενον αὐτῶν τὴν θρησκείαν, ἆρ’ οὐ δίκαιον ἢ πείθειν αὐτὸν καὶ σώζειν, ἢ τῆς οἰκίας ἀποπέμπεσθαι καὶ πιπράσκειν, εἴ τῳ μὴ ῥᾴδιον ὑπερορᾶν οἰκέτου κτήσεως; ἐγὼ δὲ οὐκ ἂν δεξαίμην ὑπὸ τῶν μὴ φιλούντων θεοὺς ἀγαπᾶσθαι· ὃ δὴ καὶ σὲ καὶ πάντας φημὶ δεῖν τοὺς ἱερατικῶν ἀντιποιουμένους ἐντεῦθεν ἤδη διανοηθέντας ἅψασθαι συντονώτερον τῆς εἰς τοὺς θεοὺς ἁγιστείας· ἀπὸ τῆς οἰκίας δὲ σεβασμὸν εὔλογον παρέχεσθαι τῆς ἑαυτοῦ τὸν ἱερέα, καὶ πρώτην αὐτὴν ὅλην δι’ ὅλης ἀποφῆναι καθαρὰν τῶν τηλικούτων νοσημάτων.