Letter 51: To the community of the Jews.

To the community of the Jews. In times past, the most burdensome aspect of your servitude has been that you were subjected to unauthorized levies and forced to pay immense sums to the treasury. I witnessed many instances of this myself, and I have found additional records of such demands preserved against you. When yet another tax was about to be imposed, I stopped it and compelled this impious extortion to cease. I threw the records into the fire. Now I wish to do more. Your patriarch Julus, whom I hold in high honor, has written to me asking that the tax called the "apostole" — which some of your people have been collecting from you and sending to him against your will — be abolished. I have therefore ordered its abolition. When I have successfully concluded the Persian war, I intend to rebuild the sacred city of Jerusalem, which for so many years you have longed to see inhabited again, and I will restore its ancient temple [Julian's famous but never-realized plan to rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem, partly to disprove Jesus's prophecy that it would remain in ruins]. I will join you in giving praise there to the Almighty.

To the community of the Jews 1 [Late 362 or early 363, Antioch] In times past, by far the most burdensome thing in the yoke of your slavery has been the fact that you were subjected to unauthorised ordinances and had to contribute an untold amount of money to the accounts of the treasury. Of this I used to see many instances with my own eyes, and I have learned of more, by finding the records which are preserved against you. Moreover, when a tax was about to be levied on you again I prevented it, and compelled the impiety of such obloquy to cease here; and I threw into the fire the records against you that were stored in my desks; so that it is no longer possible for anyone to aim at you such a reproach of impiety. My brother Constantius of honoured memory was not so much responsible for these wrongs of yours as were the men who used to frequent his table, barbarians in mind, godless in soul. These I seized with my own hands and put them to death by thrusting them into the pit, that not even any memory of their destruction 1 might still linger amongst us. And since I wish that you should prosper yet more, I have admonished my brother Iulus,2 your most venerable patriarch, that the levy3 which is said to exist among you should be prohibited, and that no one is any longer to have the power to oppress the masses of your people by such exactions; so that everywhere, during my reign, you may have security of mind, and in the enjoyment of peace may offer more fervid prayers4 for my reign to the Most High God, the Creator, who has deigned to crown me with his own immaculate right hand. For it is natural that men who are distracted by any anxiety should be hampered in spirit, and should not have so much confidence in raising their hands to pray; but that those who are in all respects free from care should rejoice with their whole hearts and offer their suppliant prayers on behalf of my imperial office to Mighty God, even to him who is able to direct my reign to the noblest ends, according to my purpose. This you ought to do, in order that, when I have successfully concluded the war with Persia, I may rebuild by my own efforts the sacred city of Jerusalem,1 which for so many years you have longed to see inhabited, and may bring settlers there, and, together with you, may glorify the Most High God therein. 1 For this rescript see Introduction. 1 Or απώλεια may be active = " their wickedness." 2 The Patriarch Hillel II. was at this time about seventy. 3 Literally "the apostole," paid by the Jews to maintain the Patriarchate. It was later suppressed by the Emperor Theodosius II. 4 Sozomen 5. 22 says that Julian wrote to the community of the Jews asking them to pray for him. 1 For Julian's project of rebuilding the Temple, see Introduction.

[Πρός: Ἰουδαίων τῷ κοινῷ] Πάνυ ὑμῖν φορτικώτατον γεγένηται ἐπὶ τῶν παρῳχηκότων καιρῶν τῶν ζυγῶν τῆς δουλείας τὸ διαγραφαῖς ἀκηρύκτοις ὑποτάττεσθαι ὑμᾶς καὶ χρυσίου πλῆθος ἄφατον εἰσκομίζειν τοῖς τοῦ ταμιείου λόγοις· ὧν πολλὰ μὲν αὐτοψεὶ ἐθεώρουν, πλείονα δὲ τούτων ἔμαθον εὑρὼν τὰ βρέβια τὰ καθ’ ὑμῶν φυλαττόμενα· ἔτι δὲ καὶ μέλλουσαν πάλιν εἰσφορὰν καθ’ ὑμῶν προστάττεσθαι εἶρξα, καὶ τὸ τῆς τοιαύτης δυσφημίας ἀσέβημα ἐνταῦθα ἐβιασάμην στῆσαι, καὶ πυρὶ παρέδωκα τὰ βρέβια τὰ καθ’ ὑμῶν ἐν τοῖς ἐμοῖς σκρινίοις ἀποκείμενα, ὡς μηκέτι δύνασθαι καθ’ ὑμῶν τινὰ τοιαύτην ἀκοντίζειν ἀσεβείας φήμην. καὶ τούτων μὲν ὑμῖν οὐ τοσοῦτον αἴτιος κατέστη ὁ τῆς μνήμης ἄξιος Κωνστάντιος ὁ ἀδελφός, ὅσον οἱ τὴν γνώμην βάρβαροι καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν ἄθεοι, οἱ τὴν τούτου τράπεζαν ἑστιώμενοι, οὓς ἐγὼ μὲν ἐν χερσὶν ἐμαῖς λαβόμενος εἰς βόθρον ὤσας ὤλεσα, ὡς μηδὲ μνήμην ἔτι φέρεσθαι παρ’ ἡμῖν τῆς αὐτῶν ἀπωλείας. ἐπὶ πλέον δὲ ὑμᾶς εὐωχεῖσθαι βουλόμενος, τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἴουλον, τὸν αἰδεσιμώτατον πατριάρχην, παρῄνεσα καὶ τὴν λεγομένην εἶναι παρ’ ὑμῖν ἀποστολὴν κωλυθῆναι, καὶ μηκέτι δύνασθαι τὰ πλήθη ὑμῶν τινὰ ἀδικεῖν τοιαύταις φόρων εἰσπράξεσιν, ὡς πανταχόθεν ὑμῖν τὸ ἀμέριμνον ὑπάρχειν ἐπὶ τῆς ἐμῆς βασιλείας, ἵνα ἀπολαύοντες εἰρήνης ἔτι μείζονας εὐχὰς ποιῆσθε ὑπὲρ τῆς ἐμῆς βασιλείας τῷ πάντων κρείττονι καὶ δημιουργῷ θεῷ, τῷ καταξιώσαντι στέψαι με τῇ ἀχράντῳ αὐτοῦ δεξιᾷ. πέφυκε γὰρ τοὺς ἔν τινι μερίμνῃ ἐξεταζομένους περιδεῖσθαι τὴν διάνοιαν καὶ μὴ τοσοῦτον εἰς τὴν προσευχὴν τὰς χεῖρας ἀνατείνειν τολμᾶν, τοὺς δὲ πανταχόθεν ἔχοντας τὸ ἀμέριμνον ὁλοκλήρῳ ψυχῇ χαίροντας ὑπὲρ τοῦ βασιλείου ἱκετηρίους λατρείας ποιεῖσθαι τῷ μείζονι, τῷ δυναμένῳ κατευθῦναι τὴν βασιλείαν ἡμῶν ἐπὶ τὰ κάλλιστα, καθάπερ προαιρούμεθα. ὅπερ χρὴ ποιεῖν ὑμᾶς, ἵνα κἀγὼ τὸν τῶν Περσῶν πόλεμον διορθωσάμενος τὴν ἐκ πολλῶν ἐτῶν ἐπιθυμουμένην παρ’ ὑμῶν ἰδεῖν οἰκουμένην πόλιν ἁγίαν Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἐμοῖς καμάτοις ἀνοικοδομήσας οἰκίσω καὶ ἐν αὐτῇ δόξαν δῶ μεθ’ ὑμῶν τῷ κρείττονι.