Letter 27: Theodore Studite, Letter 27; Greek heading: Νικήτᾳ πατρικίῳ.

Human favor, perhaps, is wont to raise other men to the height of dignities; but you, our most pious and most beloved master, it was virtue in truth, and not any favor, that led up into the greatness of your dignity, and that not for a certain time and in a single office, but throughout and in many offices, handling you like some gold and putting you forward for every kind of adornment to our pious sovereignty. And the facts are plain, even if we do not speak of them, so that even now our Christ-imitating emperors have, in these days, set you as the representative of their own nobility over this Reigning City [Constantinople]. This is, in reply to the greeting sent by your Piety, our present rejoinder by means of the letter-carrier. And may the Lord our God preserve you unharmed in soul and body henceforth in your ruling and exercising authority, just as authority has been witnessed by God to have been given you through the very facts. Since your Piety, out of forbearance toward our lowliness (for so we believe, and not otherwise), has spoken with the brother concerning the matter of the hair [the wearing of long hair by men], we having done this thing and that, and since one must consider both what is fitting and the occasion, and act according to the canons, and remain within one's proper bounds, since a patriarch also presides here, we make our true defense, first giving thanks to her [your Piety] that she is taking pains and showing concern for our affairs. And rightly so; for this very thing is a mark and a testimony of that nobility of yours which we proclaim; and perhaps too, on account of the kinship, there ought to be in someone a more particular disposition than in the many. There are, therefore, O master, divine laws and canons that guide everyone who is pious, contrary to which it is not permitted to make either addition or subtraction. These hold even us, the lowly, in check—even if we err ten thousand times in other matters—also in the matter of those who wear long hair. And just as your authority strives to keep the things ordained by our pious masters, here announcing what occurs, there fulfilling what is commanded, restraining and excluding and whatever else befalls, not abashed before any person whether small or great (for once it has heard and been enjoined, it hastens to fulfill; for there is no ordinary danger in deferring it even for a little while), so then, and much more, for us who have obtained the priesthood, greater and more deadly is the danger of not carrying through all the things commanded by God the King of all through the divine canons and the inspired fathers. And that it is a divine command, first the Apostle [Paul] makes plain, then the Constitutions, then Chrysostom, establishing that it is an acknowledged sin for men to wear long hair, and lastly the canon [enacted] at the holy Sixth Council [the Quinisext Council in Trullo, 691/692], commanding excommunication for those who do not obey; which canon I also sent, so that, having heard it with her own ears, she might know that we sinners do nothing uncanonically. We have not now become subject to this canon, but long ago, and it became known also to the preceding patriarch; since he too discussed with us the reasonable points, not blaming but accepting (for how could he, the canon being established?), and saying that "a reminder concerning this has come to me also, even though we were not heeded." But with him we were not exact about the dispensation [oikonomia, the lenient application of canonical strictness]; yet we ourselves have proceeded thus up to now, not proclaiming it publicly (since we do not even hold a bishopric), but observing it in our own church, because we serve as priests, and to give out the body and blood of our Lord Jesus Christ to those confessedly held fast by sin is not possible, whoever it may be—I do not know how it could be—unless he promises amendment; for indeed we have both pardoned many and continue to make allowance up to a first and second reminder, or even a third, but anything more is indifference and contempt of the canons, or rather of God, by whom they were given. This is our defense, master, to your extraordinary excellence. And we beg of it [your excellence], wherever a word may flow in upon the matter, to submit the proper things, as being examined and rewarded by God; for as to whether we ourselves have here laid a hand on anyone, it is ridiculous even that it should be believed by any right-minded person. By no means; rather, what was done on our part was done with all entreaty, and on the part of those who submitted, with all consent—and then there was a cropping of those who wear excessively long hair, nearly down to the girdle and who grow soft, so that we might seem not to fall short of the canon in some small degree; and perhaps from this there may come about some return toward the better. Pray, therefore, O master, that we may live lawfully and peaceably, contributing also what is in your own power to our affairs as far as possible, so that, if there be any good, your honored soul also may share in the good.

Τοὺς μὲν ἄλλους τυχὸν χάρις ἀνθρωπίνη ἀναβιβάζειν πέφυκεν ἐπὶ τὸ ὕψος τῶν ἀξιωμάτων· σὲ δὲ τὸν εὐσεβέστατον καὶ παμπόθητον ἡμῶν δεσπότην ἀρετὴ ὡς ἀληθῶς καὶ οὐ χάρις τις ἀνήγαγεν ἐν τῷ μεγέθει τοῦ ἀξιώματος, οὐ μὲν οὖν κατά τινα χρόνον καὶ ἐν μιᾷ ἐξουσίᾳ, ἀλλὰ διὰ παντὸς καὶ ἐν πολλαῖς, ὥσπερ τινὰ χρυσὸν μεταχειριζομένη καὶ εἰς πᾶν ὁτιοῦν κόσμον τῇ εὐσεβεῖ ἡμῶν βασιλείᾳ προβαλλομένη. καὶ τὰ πράγματα δῆλα, κἂν ἡμεῖς μὴ λέγωμεν, ὥστε καὶ τὸ νῦν ἀξιολόγως οἱ χριστομίμητοι ἡμῶν βασιλεῖς ἀντιπρόσωπον τῆς ἑαυτῶν καλοκἀγαθίας ἔθεσάν σε ἐν ταύταις ταῖς ἡμέραις τῇδε τῇ βασιλευούσῃ πόλει. αὕτη ἐστὶν ὑπὲρ τῆς πεμφθείσης προσηγορίας παρὰ τῆς εὐσεβείας σου τὸ νῦν διὰ τοῦ γραμματηφόρου ἀντιπροσφώνησις. καί γε Κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν διαφυλάξειέν σε ἀπήμονα ψυχῇ τε καὶ σώματι πρὸς τὸ ἑξῆς ἐν τῷ ἄρχειν τε καὶ ἐξουσιάζειν, ὡς ἂν ὑπὸ θεοῦ σοι δι' αὐτῶν τῶν πραγμάτων μεμαρτύρηται ἡ ἐξουσία δεδόσθαι. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ φειδοῖ τῆς ταπεινώσεως ἡμῶν (οὕτω γὰρ πιστεύομεν καὶ οὐκ ἄλλως) διελέχθη σου ἡ εὐσέβεια τῷ ἀδελφῷ περὶ τῆς ὑποθέσεως τῶν τριχῶν, τοῦτο καὶ ἐκεῖνο ποιησάντων ἡμῶν, καὶ ὡς δέον καὶ καιρὸν σκοπεῖσθαι καὶ κανονικῶς πράττειν καὶ ἐν τοῖς οἰκείοις ὅροις μένειν, ἐπειδὴ καὶ πατριάρχης προκαθεζόμενος ὧδε, τἀληθῆ ἀπολογούμεθα, πρότερον ἀπευχαριστοῦντες αὐτῇ ὅτι πονοῦσά ἐστι καὶ κηδομένη τῶν καθ' ἡμᾶς. καὶ δέον· ἰδίωμα γὰρ αὐτὸ τοῦτο καὶ μαρτυρία τῆς ἧσπερ ἀναγγέλλομέν σου καλοκἀγαθίας, τάχα δὲ καὶ διὰ τὴν ἀγχιστείαν ὀφείλει τις εἶναι ἰδικωτέρα παρὰ τοὺς πολλοὺς διάθεσις. Νόμοι τοιγαροῦν, ὦ δέσποτα, θεῖοι καὶ κανόνες εἰσὶν οἱ ἄγοντες πάντα τὸν εὐσεβοῦντα, παρ' οὓς οὐκ ἔστιν οὔτε πρόσθεσιν οὔτε ὕφεσιν ποιεῖσθαι. αὐτοὶ καὶ ἡμᾶς τοὺς ταπεινούς, εἰ καὶ μυριάκις σφαλλόμεθα πρὸς ταῖς ἄλλαις ὑποθέσεσι, καὶ εἰς τὸν τῶν κομώντων ἴσχουσιν. καὶ ὥσπερ ἡ ἐξουσία σου τὰ διατεταγμένα πρὸς τῶν εὐσεβῶν ἡμῶν δεσποτῶν φυλάττειν διαγωνίζεται, πῆ μὲν ἀναγγέλλουσα τὰ συμβαίνοντα, πῆ δὲ ἐκπληροῦσα τὰ προστασσόμενα, εἴργουσά τε καὶ ἀφορίζουσα καὶ ὅσα ἄλλα ἐπισυμβαίνει, οὐ δυσωπουμένη προσ ώπῳ τινὶ οὔτε μικρῷ οὔτε μεγάλῳ (ἅπαξ γὰρ ὃ ἤκουσεν καὶ ἐνετάλθη ἐκπληροῦν κατασπεύδεται· κίνδυνος γὰρ οὐχ ὁ τυχὼν κἂν πρὸς μικρὸν ἀναβάλλεσθαι), οὕτω τοίνυν καὶ πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐφ' ἡμῖν τοῖς λαχοῦσι τὸ ἱερατεύειν μείζων καὶ ὀλεθριώτερος ὁ κίνδυνος μὴ ἀποπεραιώσειν πάντα τὰ διὰ τῶν θείων κανόνων καὶ θεσπεσίων πατέρων παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως τῶν ὅλων θεοῦ προστασσόμενα. ὅτι δὲ πρόσταγμα θεῖον, πρῶτον μὲν φανεροῖ ὁ ἀπόστολος, ἔπειτα αἱ διατάξεις, εἶτα ὁ Χρυσόστομος, κατασκευάζων ἁμάρτημα ὁμολογούμενον εἶναι τὸ κομᾶν τοὺς ἄνδρας, τελευταῖον ὁ παρὰ τῇ ἕκτῃ ἁγίᾳ συνόδῳ κανών, προστάσσων καὶ ἀφορισμὸν τοῖς μὴ πειθομένοις· ὃν καὶ ἀπέστειλα, ἵνα αὐτήκοος γενομένη γνοίη μηδὲν ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἁμαρτωλοὺς ἀκανονίστως ποιεῖν. Ἡμεῖς δὲ τούτου τοῦ κανόνος οὐκ ἐπικρατεῖς νῦν γεγόναμεν, ἀλλὰ πάλαι, καὶ γνωστὸν γέγονε καὶ τῷ προηγησαμένῳ πατριάρχῃ· ἐπεὶ καὶ διελέχθη ἡμῖν τὰ εἰκότα, οὐκ ἐγκαλῶν, ἀλλ' ἀποδεχόμενος (πῶς γὰρ ἂν καὶ ἠδύνατο, κανόνος κειμένου;) λέγων τε ὅτι "4γέγονε κἀμοὶ ὑπόμνησις περὶ τούτου, κἂν οὐκ ἠκούσμεθα"5. ἀλλ' ἐκείνῳ μὲν τὴν οἰκονομίαν οὐκ ἠκριβολογούμεθα, ἡμεῖς δὲ ἕως τοῦ νῦν οὕτω διήλθομεν, οὐ δημοσίως διαγορεύοντες (ἐπεὶ μηδὲ ἐπισκοποῦμεν), ἐν δὲ τῇ οἰκείᾳ ἐκκλησίᾳ φυλαττόμενοι, διότι ἱερατεύομεν, καὶ προέσθαι τὸ σῶμα καὶ αἷμα τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐν τοῖς ὁμολογουμένως κρατουμένοις ὑφ' ἁμαρτήματος οὐχ οἷόν τέ ἐστι, κἂν ὁστισοῦν τυγχάνῃ, οὐκ οἶδα, εἰ μὴ ἐπαγγέλλεται τὴν διόρθωσιν· καὶ γὰρ πολλοῖς καὶ συνεχωρήσαμεν καὶ παραχωροῦμεν μέχρι μιᾶς καὶ δευτέρας ὑπομνήσεως ἢ καὶ τρίτης, τὸ δὲ πλέον ἀδιαφορία καὶ τῶν κανόνων καταφρόνησις, μᾶλλον δὲ θεοῦ, παρ' οὗ ἐδόθησαν. Αὕτη ἡμῶν ἡ ἀπολογία, δέσποτα, πρὸς τὴν ὑπερφυῆ σου ὑπεροχήν. καὶ δεόμεθα αὐτῆς, ὅπουπερ ἂν ἐπιρρυῇ λόγος, τὰ δέοντα ὡς ὑπὸ θεοῦ ἀνακρινομένη καὶ μισθαποδοτουμένη ὑποβαλεῖν· περὶ γὰρ ὅτι χειρὶ ἐποιήσαμεν ἡμεῖς ἐνταῦθά τινι, γελοῖόν ἐστι καὶ τὸ πιστεύεσθαι πρός τινος τῶν εὖ φρονούντων. οὐδαμῶς· ἀλλὰ τὸ παρ' ἡμῶν μετὰ πάσης παρακλήσεως καὶ τῶν καταδεχομένων μετὰ πάσης συγκαταθέσεως γέγονεν, καὶ τότε ἀκρωτηριασμὸς τῶν ὑπερκομώντων σχεδὸν μέχρι ζώσεως καὶ καταβλακευομένων, ἵνα δόξωμεν μικρόν τι τοῦ κανόνος μὴ ἀποπίπτειν· καὶ ἴσως ἐκ τούτου γένηταί τις πρὸς τὸ βέλτιον ἐπαναδρομή. Εὔχου τοίνυν, ὦ δέσποτα, ἐννόμως καὶ εἰρηνικῶς ἡμᾶς ζῆν, συμβάλλων καὶ τὰ παρ' ἑαυτοῦ ἐν τοῖς καθ' ἡμᾶς κατὰ τὸ δυνατόν, ἵνα, ἐάν τι ἀγαθόν, συμμεθέξει καὶ ἡ τιμία σου ψυχὴ τοῦ καλοῦ.