Quintus Aurelius Symmachus

Quintus Aurelius Symmachus

senator|345-402 AD|Rome
Quintus Aurelius Symmachus (c. 345–402) was the last great champion of Rome's pagan aristocracy — a senator, orator, and prolific letter writer who treated correspondence the way a modern politician treats networking. Born into one of Rome's most powerful families, he served as proconsul of Africa, urban prefect of Rome, and consul, always moving in the circles where old money and old religion still held sway. His most famous moment was the appeal to restore the Altar of Victory to the Roman Senate house in 384, a cause he lost to Ambrose of Milan — but one that crystallized the final confrontation between paganism and Christianity at the highest levels of Roman government. His surviving letters — nearly 900 of them, the largest collection from any late Roman figure — are a masterclass in aristocratic self-presentation. They are polished, elegant, and almost pathologically discreet: Symmachus rarely says anything controversial, rarely reveals strong emotion, and almost never discusses politics directly. What he does, constantly, is maintain relationships. He recommends friends for appointments, congratulates colleagues on promotions, exchanges literary compliments, and arranges the spectacles for his son's praetorian games with almost obsessive attention to detail (including a memorable disaster involving crocodiles). His correspondents include nearly every important figure of late fourth-century Rome. What makes Symmachus historically significant is precisely what makes him frustrating to read: the letters reveal how Rome's elite actually functioned. This was a world held together by favors, recommendations, and carefully maintained social networks — and Symmachus was its supreme practitioner. His letters are the closest thing we have to watching the Roman aristocracy work in real time, and they show a class of people who believed, right up to the end, that civilization meant keeping up appearances.
678
Letters sent
10
Letters received
688
Total letters
10
Correspondents

Top correspondents

All letters (688)

To Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachusc. 365 AD

Lest my interruption of correspondence be counted against me as a fault, I prefer to be prompt in my duty rather...

symmachus #1001
From Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachusc. 365 AD

This is a letter where the social gap between us actually shapes what we write.

symmachus #1002
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 365 AD

This is the famous Paralius — whose own father, by accusing him, did him as much good as harm.

symmachus #2001
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 365 AD

Let antiquity, so lavish with praise, fall silent — the age that honored Apelles, Zeuxis, and their like with...

symmachus #2002
To Julianusc. 365 AD

I'm writing from the country, paying you my usual tribute of correspondence.

symmachus #3001
To Julianusc. 365 AD

Ancient custom dictates that those who travel abroad should write home first, but affection overrides protocol and...

symmachus #3002
To Stilichoc. 365 AD

I feel utterly unequal to the task of thanking you properly for what you've done for my son Flavianus.

symmachus #4002
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 365 AD

Your letter brightened my day, and your words doubled the pleasure of our household's birthday celebration.

symmachus #6002
To Brothers of Symmachusc. 365 AD

Take this opening salvo of fatherly words with good cheer, and be generous in returning the favor going forward.

symmachus #7001
To Brothers of Symmachusc. 365 AD

The moment a familiar opportunity to write presented itself, I didn't hesitate to put my longing for you on paper.

symmachus #7002
To Aleviumc. 365 AD

I'm overjoyed to hear you're well and that you haven't forgotten our friendship amid the hardships of public business.

symmachus #8002
To Dionysiumc. 365 AD

[To an unnamed friend] I'm renewing my recommendation of Euscius, not starting one from scratch — when you were in...

symmachus #9001
To Emperor Valentinianc. 365 AD

My duties are not yet finished, and the city's demands are not yet satisfied.

symmachus #10001
To Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachusc. 366 AD

I'm deeply grateful to learn that you don't find my letters tasteless, and I consider it a real gift that my...

symmachus #1003
To Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachusc. 366 AD

...and so I've returned to the Bay of Baiae, since Baiae was quiet by then.

symmachus #1004
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 366 AD

Wanting to know how your family's business is going — that's the mark of a loyal and honorable concern.

symmachus #2003
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 366 AD

Relax — take a break and enjoy your leisure.

symmachus #2004
To Julianusc. 366 AD

It's perfectly reasonable for you to demand frequent letters from me — but it's not reasonable to jump to dark...

symmachus #3003
To Julianusc. 366 AD

The experts in rhetoric say there's no controversy when both sides are guilty of the same thing.

symmachus #3004
To Stilichoc. 366 AD

You'll learn from the official senate records exactly what the most distinguished order [the Roman Senate] decreed...

symmachus #4003
To Stilichoc. 366 AD

[To a friend] A man traveling to give thanks needs no letter of introduction, so my son Flavianus, relying on the...

symmachus #4004
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 366 AD

Grand requests require a preamble; for easy favors, there's no need for elaborate pleading.

symmachus #6003
To Brothers of Symmachusc. 366 AD

I'm sending you a second letter so that my steady stream of words can be a comfort to us both.

symmachus #7003
To Brothers of Symmachusc. 366 AD

The consular magnificence did full justice to the circus games.

symmachus #7004
To Emperor Theodosius Ic. 366 AD

The grain supply from Africa has been interrupted; I write to report the situation and to request the imperial...

symmachus #10002
To Emperor Theodosius Ic. 366 AD

The recommendation I make in this letter is made on the basis of genuine knowledge and genuine judgment, not merely...

symmachus #10003
To Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachusc. 367 AD

You certainly imitate the style of Menippean Varro, but you surpass his talent.

symmachus #1005
To Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachusc. 367 AD

It's no use accusing me of silence — I've been scrupulous about keeping up my correspondence, and there's hardly...

symmachus #1006
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 367 AD

Having covered the coast beyond Formiae that stretches toward Axyr, we won't delay the ship and its rowers.

symmachus #2006
To Julianusc. 367 AD

This letter's Latin text is heavily corrupted by OCR artifacts and critical apparatus, making continuous translation...

symmachus #3005
To Julianusc. 367 AD

A welcome opportunity has arisen to send you word of my well-being.

symmachus #3006
To Stilichoc. 367 AD

Your silence has been long, and I've endured it patiently in the hope that you'd eventually write.

symmachus #4005
To Stilichoc. 367 AD

[The text of this letter is heavily intermixed with critical apparatus notes, making large portions unreliable for...

symmachus #4006
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 367 AD

I received your letter with such pleasure that I confess all my earlier complaints have been forgotten — the charm...

symmachus #6005
To Brothers of Symmachusc. 367 AD

I expect another letter of mine will reach you first, since the carriers of this one are following a slow pack-mule...

symmachus #7005
To Emperor Theodosius Ic. 367 AD

The public games require animals from the provinces, and the provincial governors have been less cooperative than...

symmachus #10004
To Emperor Theodosius Ic. 367 AD

A legal question has arisen in the administration of the city that requires an imperial rescript to resolve; I set...

symmachus #10005
To Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachusc. 368 AD

People who hope to receive a gift are usually the impatient ones.

symmachus #1007
To Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachusc. 368 AD

I'm in good spirits now that you've remembered your promise and set out.

symmachus #1008
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 368 AD

A matter close to my heart demands your assistance.

symmachus #2007
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 368 AD

Your first letter reached me — so short, so hurried, it seemed to be imitating your journey.

symmachus #2008
To Julianusc. 368 AD

I received your letter with such delight — arriving as it did after a long silence — that I confess I've completely...

symmachus #3007
To Julianusc. 368 AD

I received your letter with such pleasure — coming as it did after a long silence — that I confess I've completely...

symmachus #3008
To Stilichoc. 368 AD

This is a long letter whose text is substantially intermixed with critical apparatus and OCR artifacts.

symmachus #4007
To Stilichoc. 368 AD

A certain sense of propriety held me back from writing first.

symmachus #4008
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 368 AD

Your letter was delivered to me while I was staying at the seventh milestone on the Via Ostiensis [the road from...

symmachus #6006
To Brothers of Symmachusc. 368 AD

Our trip abroad has been extended by a few extra days, since the rains have postponed the games.

symmachus #7007
To Romec. 368 AD

This letter spans several pages and is heavily interspersed with critical apparatus.

symmachus #8006
To Baulic. 369 AD

For some time now the silent Lucrine waters have been longing for you, and the smooth bay of Baiae, and Puteoli...

symmachus #1009
To Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachusc. 369 AD

We were worried the rain would hold you up.

symmachus #1010
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 369 AD

Both my respect for you and my sense of duty would make any occasion for writing worth seizing — let alone one as...

symmachus #2009
To Julianusc. 369 AD

You expect longer letters from me.

symmachus #3009
To Stilichoc. 369 AD

The opportunity of a reliable carrier has given me a chance to pay you my respects by letter.

symmachus #4009
To Magnillumc. 369 AD

[To a friend about Anastasius] You know our friend Anastasius well — you've seen him often in your own home.

symmachus #5008
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 369 AD

Your letter was delivered while I was at the seventh milestone along the Via Ostiensis, and I immediately arranged...

symmachus #6008
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 369 AD

A certain convention kept me from being the first to write — old custom requires that travelers initiate the...

symmachus #6009
To Brothers of Symmachusc. 369 AD

I trust that a steady flow of letters from me is enough to comfort your heart.

symmachus #7008
To Brothers of Symmachusc. 369 AD

I'm delighted that your letters sparkle with sharp observations and clever turns of phrase.

symmachus #7009
To Evdoxiumc. 369 AD

It serves the public interest that greater responsibilities have been entrusted to you.

symmachus #8008
To Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachusc. 370 AD

Is this really my luck — that everywhere I turn, there's something that needs rebuilding?

symmachus #1011
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 370 AD

The silence between us has grown long enough that I feel the weight of it, and I write now partly to discharge the...

symmachus #2011
To Naucelliusc. 370 AD

This letter's text is heavily interspersed with critical apparatus notes.

symmachus #3010
To Naucelliusc. 370 AD

You want longer letters from me.

symmachus #3011
To Stilichoc. 370 AD

This is a lengthy letter substantially corrupted by OCR artifacts and interwoven editorial apparatus.

symmachus #4010
To Stilichoc. 370 AD

I've received your letter, and with it the pleasant news that you and your family are well.

symmachus #4011
To Magnillumc. 370 AD

I was glad to learn from your letter that everything is going well for you and that your public responsibilities are...

symmachus #5011
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 370 AD

After this greeting, I turn to a matter that demands your attention.

symmachus #6010
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 370 AD

I've wanted to write to you for some time, but the demands of public and private business have kept my pen idle.

symmachus #6011
To Brothers of Symmachusc. 370 AD

Our friend Annius was passing through so quickly that all I could manage was a bare word of greeting.

symmachus #7010
To Brothers of Symmachusc. 370 AD

My spirits lift every time a letter from you arrives.

symmachus #7011
To Antiochumc. 370 AD

This letter contains multiple sections interspersed with critical apparatus.

symmachus #8011
To Marcellusc. 370 AD

A fragmentary letter header; the text of this letter is largely lost, surviving only as a partial heading in the...

symmachus #9011
To Emperor Valentinianc. 370 AD

A poet of real quality has appeared among the younger men of the senatorial class; I draw your attention to him...

symmachus #10011
To Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachusc. 371 AD

...so that we may hear good news of your health and your affairs, and pass this short time we plan to spend in...

symmachus #1012
To Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 371 AD

Your daughter's birthday was approaching, and the gifts you'd sent arrived at just the right moment.

symmachus #1013
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 371 AD

...I'm waiting impatiently for your arrival.

symmachus #2012
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 371 AD

I have learned that several people were strolling around our city's forum after receiving letters from me, and I am...

symmachus #2013
To Rome andc. 371 AD

Your servant delivered two letters from you, and I would be guilty of bad faith if I did not reply in kind.

symmachus #3012
To Naucelliusc. 371 AD

I count it a personal credit that you've announced your long-desired return.

symmachus #3013
To Protadiusc. 371 AD

You know that our silence is an equal offense on both sides, and so the blame is unfairly placed on me alone for...

symmachus #4012
To Protadiusc. 371 AD

To a friend (~371 AD):

symmachus #4013
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 371 AD

The frequency of my earlier letters has used up everything worth writing.

symmachus #6013
To Brothers of Symmachusc. 371 AD

The news of your illness alarmed me terribly, even though the same letter reassured me that your health had been...

symmachus #7012
To Brothers of Symmachusc. 371 AD

Conflicting rumors slowed my journey.

symmachus #7013
To Pastinatumc. 371 AD

Among the good things parents leave behind, friendship too deserves to be inherited -- and perhaps one should pursue...

symmachus #8012
To Strategiumc. 371 AD

May this custom endure, and may the mutual assurance of well-being be renewed between us year after year.

symmachus #8013
To A friend in Spain (name lost)c. 371 AD

Other letters of mine have been chasing you across Spain -- I had assumed you were living there because of the...

symmachus #9012
To Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 372 AD

You ask me for longer letters.

symmachus #1015
To Emperor Theodosius Ic. 372 AD

When I was surveying in writing the civil and military achievements of our lord Theodosius [Emperor Theodosius I, r.

symmachus #2014
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 372 AD

I took Aurelianus — my protege, who now commands the urban cohorts — into my circle of friends at your suggestion.

symmachus #2015
To Naucelliusc. 372 AD

You will perhaps accuse me of an excessively long silence.

symmachus #3015
To Minervius and Alexanderc. 372 AD

My friend Gaudentius has taken refuge in your protection -- a man who deserves to be loved in every respect.

symmachus #4014
To Stilichoc. 372 AD

I know what you think of me.

symmachus #4015
To Brothers of Symmachusc. 372 AD

Since no official courier was available, I entrusted this letter to a private traveler.

symmachus #7014
To Attalumc. 372 AD

...I entered Milan on the day before the Kalends of March [February 28], after a long and winding detour.

symmachus #7015
To A friend in Spain (name lost)c. 372 AD

I take great pleasure whenever I receive one of your letters.

symmachus #9013
To Emperor Valentinianc. 372 AD

The news from the Danube frontier has been better in the past month than in the previous year, which is a relief;...

symmachus #10013
To Emperor Valentinianc. 372 AD

The prefectural records require an imperial confirmation on a question of precedent; I set out the question in the...

symmachus #10014
To Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 373 AD

So where am I supposed to find an abundant supply of words when you've lent me nothing in the way of literary capital?

symmachus #1016
To Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 373 AD

I'd nearly resigned myself to writing you a brief, empty letter — there was nothing worth reporting, and when...

symmachus #1017
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 373 AD

I wrote this letter for the modest and devoted Marcellus and Romanus more as a gesture of friendship than with any...

symmachus #2016
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 373 AD

If you haven't yet learned about my son Nicasius's praiseworthy character and honorable way of life, then accept as...

symmachus #2017
To Naucelliusc. 373 AD

The person who brings you this letter is known to me in the way that one knows people whose family one has done...

symmachus #3016
To Gregoriusc. 373 AD

I have good grounds for complaint: you were raised to the honor of a pontificate and gave me no sign of our shared joy.

symmachus #3017
To Stilichoc. 373 AD

Let your concern for me extend beyond surface courtesy.

symmachus #4016
To Protadiusc. 373 AD

I owe it to men of proven worth to recommend them to you, since admission to your circle of friends is a supreme gift.

symmachus #4017
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 373 AD

I foresaw the fear that news of my illness would cause you.

symmachus #6016
To Attalusc. 373 AD

Our friendship had led me to expect your visit.

symmachus #7016
To Geminianusc. 373 AD

While you are busy relieving the hardships of the provincials, a heavier blow has fallen on the Apulians.

symmachus #9015
To Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 374 AD

[Only a fragment survives:] I am often urged by your warm correspondence to write about the literary studies we've...

symmachus #1018
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 374 AD

Here is your son — whom I've pried from my own comfort to satisfy your longing.

symmachus #2019
To Gregoriusc. 374 AD

You are certainly blessed with natural gifts and intellectual talent, but even you will find it hard to excuse such...

symmachus #3018
To Protadiusc. 374 AD

To a friend: Even when I was staying in Milan, I observed the courtesy of greeting you, and now that I have...

symmachus #4018
To Campaniac. 374 AD

To our friend Castor, who is returning to Campania, I've entrusted more verbal instructions about household matters...

symmachus #6018
To Attalusc. 374 AD

This letter survives only in fragmentary form, with the manuscript text too damaged to reconstruct reliably.

symmachus #7017
To Attalusc. 374 AD

I'm glad you missed hearing from me, but I reject any charge of negligence.

symmachus #7018
To Campaniac. 374 AD

If you know my heart at all, you can't doubt that poor health was the only thing keeping me from writing.

symmachus #8017
To Romanumc. 374 AD

My son is out of danger, thank God, but he's suffering from a weakness that borders on illness.

symmachus #8018
To Pompeiac. 374 AD

I have no doubt that you care about men of quality -- for your own character must take pleasure in the company of...

symmachus #9018
To Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 375 AD

Sicily's provincial assembly has sent Ambrosius, one of the leading men of the provincial bar, to our lords and...

symmachus #1020
To Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 375 AD

Even if I could honor you with letters every single day, I still wouldn't feel I'd done my duty as the situation...

symmachus #1021
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 375 AD

I come to the aid of my conscience, which will not allow me to remain indebted to the services of friends.

symmachus #2020
To Gregoriusc. 375 AD

You've chosen the easier topic.

symmachus #3020
To Florentinus and others (multiple letters)c. 375 AD

You excuse yourself for your long silence.

symmachus #4019
To Protadiusc. 375 AD

Resume the path of our long-neglected custom — I lead the way, being the first to break our shared offense of silence.

symmachus #4020
To Spartan brevityc. 375 AD

Your letter was trimmed to Spartan brevity but overflows with substance.

symmachus #5019
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 375 AD

I would gladly have helped Taburus's brother, whom you asked me to assist, and would have done so without...

symmachus #6020
To Attalusc. 375 AD

So I've been keeping silent for nothing, waiting confidently for you to keep your promise.

symmachus #7020
To Serviumc. 375 AD

And if fortune favors, I'll follow the letter in person soon.

symmachus #8019
To Dionysiumc. 375 AD

Break into the gifts of familiar writing and share with me whatever you've accomplished in administering the city's...

symmachus #8020
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 375 AD

The memory of the former consul Petronius, whose home was in Ariminum [Rimini], requires me to defend his orphaned...

symmachus #9019
To Bassusc. 375 AD

The honorable Severus has enlisted me in fulfilling his dearest wish.

symmachus #9020
To Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 376 AD

People who lack confidence in themselves seek letters of recommendation from me.

symmachus #1022
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 376 AD

Duty suggested I should write, since the person delivering this letter hopes for more from your judgment than from mine.

symmachus #2021
To Gregoriusc. 376 AD

I wish I could use you as my envoy to the excellent consul to explain and excuse my absence -- if I knew that you...

symmachus #3021
To Naucelliusc. 376 AD

You possess such an abundance of eloquence that you earn pardon for your previous silence through the excellence of...

symmachus #3022
To A friend in Spain (name lost)c. 376 AD

I reap annual harvests of joy from your letters -- this is the return, these are the riches that Spain pays me.

symmachus #4021
To Protadiusc. 376 AD

A fragmentary letter surviving only as a partial heading and brief reference in the manuscript.

symmachus #4022
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 376 AD

My brother Entrechius, a man of distinction, sent his children away -- driven by a father's impatient love, with the...

symmachus #6022
To Attalusc. 376 AD

I'd just come back from the coast at Formiae to my house on the Caelian Hill [one of Rome's seven hills] when I...

symmachus #7021
To Brothers of Symmachusc. 376 AD

You've redeemed two offenses against friendship in a single letter, with wit as your payment: you'd been away too...

symmachus #7022
To Aurelianusc. 376 AD

I would devote a long letter to the merits of our mutual friend Eusebius, if you did not already know more than I...

symmachus #9022
To Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 377 AD

Our ancestors did well and wisely — as was their way in so many things — when they built the temples of Honor and...

symmachus #1023
To Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 377 AD

...long days on the road, rough lodgings, the creeping cold, the shrinking daylight, and all the other hazards of...

symmachus #1024
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 377 AD

I practically seized Simplicius, the imperial agent, at the very gate of the Via Flaminia, just to dictate these few...

symmachus #2024
To Marinianusc. 377 AD

Your poem reached me and I have read it with the pleasure that work of genuine quality always gives, alongside the...

symmachus #3023
To Protadiusc. 377 AD

Our friendship is on everyone's lips, and the fame of your horses has reached distant places.

symmachus #4023
To Attalusc. 377 AD

The Tiburtine villa that recently came into your possession deserves a more talented wordsmith than me.

symmachus #7023
To Attalusc. 377 AD

After your letter was delivered by my coachman and the greeting he brought from the road discharged my obligation,...

symmachus #7024
To Caecilianusc. 377 AD

I ask that, having been admitted into your clientele, he may be glad both that my patronage has been of use to him...

symmachus #9023
To Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 378 AD

I'm delighted to mean more to you than most people, since you're the kind of man who looks out for my interests...

symmachus #1025
To Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 378 AD

I'm overflowing with joy that the new year will see you as consul.

symmachus #1026
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 378 AD

You're certainly well-supplied with counsel and prepared for every situation — a man of your wisdom and cultivation...

symmachus #2025
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 378 AD

I was thoroughly displeased by the solitude of Baiae [a famous resort on the Bay of Naples, now largely abandoned]...

symmachus #2026
To Marinianusc. 378 AD

...while others track scent-trails with the keen noses of their hounds.

symmachus #3025
To Protadiusc. 378 AD

If I may say so, we no longer lack a supply of chariot horses for the games — but the delay in the praetorship spurs...

symmachus #4025
To Protadiusc. 378 AD

No one who carries your letters to me has ever gone back to you empty-handed.

symmachus #4026
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 378 AD

My dear Zenodorus doesn't yet know you in person, but your reputation has already won his admiration.

symmachus #6026
To Attalusc. 378 AD

I debated for some time whether to honor you with a letter while properly waiting for your return.

symmachus #7025
To Bassusc. 378 AD

I readily recommend my friend Eusebius — not as someone new or unknown, but as a man already proven by his loyalty...

symmachus #9024
To Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 379 AD

After your long silence, I was hoping — no, expecting — a letter of generous length.

symmachus #1027
To Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 379 AD

If you have a taste for natural history — the kind Pliny labored over — here are some volumes I happened to have on...

symmachus #1028
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 379 AD

Although rumor has already brought you the news — that you have been relieved of your public responsibilities — I...

symmachus #2027
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 379 AD

Go ahead — judge my decisions in hindsight, as you like, and blame me for the prefecture's complaint that it was...

symmachus #2028
To Marinianusc. 379 AD

I had believed that nothing could be added to a friendship between us that is already full and long-established.

symmachus #3027
To Naucelliusc. 379 AD

You're quite comfortable, I see, neglecting to write back — you know this kind of offense will go unpunished.

symmachus #3028
To Protadiusc. 379 AD

...I am still waiting in suspense for your judgment on those pieces belonging to our togaed nation.

symmachus #4027
To Protadiusc. 379 AD

I had long been waiting for your letters, uncertain in my mind about what so prolonged a silence might mean.

symmachus #4028
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 379 AD

A longer letter would be needed if I were recommending a stranger.

symmachus #6028
To Macedoniusc. 379 AD

Your eyes are searching for me, I'm sure -- but don't let your heart doubt that I'm present.

symmachus #7026
To Macedoniusc. 379 AD

Your silence has lasted long enough that I have concluded either that you are extremely busy or that you are...

symmachus #7027
To Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 380 AD

I'm taking advantage of the openness you've offered me.

symmachus #1030
To Marinianusc. 380 AD

Your long-desired letter finally arrived with my servant's belated return, and it brought me very welcome news of...

symmachus #3029
To Ambrose of Milanc. 380 AD

Your long-expected letter has arrived, and it makes me all the more prompt to return the favor of correspondence.

symmachus #3030
To Protadiusc. 380 AD

Even if personal and friendly petition were lacking, the force of public justice could not fail to support so...

symmachus #4029
To Protadiusc. 380 AD

Generously, as is your way, you sent an attendant to assist our return journey.

symmachus #4030
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 380 AD

Opportunities to send you greetings must be sought out when they're scarce and seized when they appear -- especially...

symmachus #6030
To Macedoniusc. 380 AD

You told me to stay at Baiae [the famous resort on the Bay of Naples].

symmachus #7028
To Macedoniusc. 380 AD

If you had answered my letter, you would have lightened your own conscience.

symmachus #7029
To Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 381 AD

You ask what I'm up to.

symmachus #1031
To Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 381 AD

It's just like you — given our mutual devotion and the long history of our friendship — to insist that your own...

symmachus #1032
To Emperor Theodosius Ic. 381 AD

...and you care for me, but I worry that you might take up some fight on my behalf while I'm away and draw hostility...

symmachus #2031
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 381 AD

The man who ought to have delivered your letter to me will instead deliver mine to you — for you and I do not share...

symmachus #2032
To Ambrose of Milanc. 381 AD

You report what I had already perceived through hope and intuition: that the very first meeting opened the door of...

symmachus #3031
To Protadiusc. 381 AD

When I departed, you entrusted me with a responsibility befitting our friendship: not to keep silent about matters...

symmachus #4031
To Protadiusc. 381 AD

The results will show how much your diligence has accomplished for the public good, once unnecessary expenditures...

symmachus #4032
To Atticusc. 381 AD

I dare invite you to my estate at Lavinium [an ancient town south of Rome] after the delights of Tibur, and I won't...

symmachus #7030
To Atticusc. 381 AD

You always claim you put my interests above your own.

symmachus #7031
To Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 382 AD

I have no time for the common run of philosophers who fake wisdom with pretentious clothing and a haughty air.

symmachus #1033
To Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 382 AD

Here's Rusticus, barely freed from his business in Rome.

symmachus #1034
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 382 AD

The report of the distinguished vicar, our colleague, will lay out the shameful nature of the crime that's been...

symmachus #2033
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 382 AD

Word is that you've ordered Ampelius and some other senators from Sardinia, as is claimed, to appear before the...

symmachus #2034
To Ambrose of Milanc. 382 AD

I'm repeating my request on behalf of my friend Sallustius — whom, as you yourself confirmed, you've already taken...

symmachus #3033
To Ambrose and others (multiple short letters)c. 382 AD

My brothers Dorotheus and Septimius, praiseworthy men, carried a single letter from you.

symmachus #3034
To Protadiusc. 382 AD

I was wondering what could possibly explain the fact that a man so devoted to the courtesies of friendship had...

symmachus #4033
To Hephaestionc. 382 AD

I've given this letter to the carrier of the official dispatches, paying my respects with a greeting and at the same...

symmachus #5034
To Campania onc. 382 AD

Whatever we were hoping for from Sicily is still uncertain.

symmachus #6034
To Atticusc. 382 AD

Though I'm laid low by a serious fever, I couldn't deny you the courtesy of a letter without seeming to neglect my...

symmachus #7032
To Atticusc. 382 AD

Neither the departure of our distinguished brother Proelianus allowed me to stay silent, nor would my own affection...

symmachus #7033
To Brothers of Symmachusc. 382 AD

Country leisure is certainly a pleasure, but I put your company first.

symmachus #7034
To Emperor Theodosius Ic. 382 AD

Although I know that modesty is kin to virtue, I nevertheless wished to find in the letters of your highness an...

symmachus #9033
To Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 383 AD

SYMMACHUS TO AUSONIUS:

symmachus #1036
To Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 383 AD

They say snails, when they're thirsty and no dew falls from the sky, survive on their own moisture.

symmachus #1037
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 383 AD

I assumed your return was approaching, since the sacred rites of the Mother of the Gods [the festival of Cybele, the...

symmachus #2035
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 383 AD

I too embrace the old-fashioned form in my letter headings, and I am quite surprised that a copyist's error crept in.

symmachus #2036
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 383 AD

Has it really pleased our common father [the emperor] to keep you detained longer than I would wish?

symmachus #2037
To Ambrose of Milanc. 383 AD

It's a blemish on justice that my friend Magnillus — who served as vicar [deputy governor] in Africa and earned...

symmachus #3035
To Ambrose of Milanc. 383 AD

It is common practice for those who need help to turn to proven supporters.

symmachus #3036
To Caecilianusc. 383 AD

My son Caecilianus, a distinguished man currently managing the grain supply of our common fatherland, has learned...

symmachus #3037
To Felix and others (multiple short letters)c. 383 AD

Our brother Helpidius was called away not only by desire for your company but also by the consul's letter.

symmachus #5035
To Hephaestionc. 383 AD

The matter of the appointment you mentioned in your last letter is one I have been giving some thought to, and I...

symmachus #5036
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 383 AD

Your brother has been deeply grieved by the loss of his tutor and only recently started listening to those trying to...

symmachus #6035
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 383 AD

As long as the rumors are still circulating and nothing is settled, stay calm and enjoy your leisure.

symmachus #6036
To Campaniac. 383 AD

You're trying to lure me out of Campania's embrace with praises of your Tiburtine estate.

symmachus #7035
To Deciusc. 383 AD

We're planning to retrace our route and finally return to your sight, even though my son is still weak and I've been...

symmachus #7036
To Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 384 AD

I'm doing exhausting work: I keep writing to someone who keeps not answering.

symmachus #1038
To Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 384 AD

I've been idle for some time in the retreats of Campania and had no opportunity to write.

symmachus #1040
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 384 AD

I cannot decide what form of reply best suits the occasion.

symmachus #2038
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 384 AD

My son Parthenius's arrival needs no embellishment of recommendation.

symmachus #2039
To Hilariusc. 384 AD

The distinguished Dusarius, who rightfully holds a leading position among medical practitioners, has asked me to...

symmachus #3038
To Neoteriusc. 384 AD

You gave me more than I asked for.

symmachus #5038
To Neoteriusc. 384 AD

I would have attended to your interests even without a reminder.

symmachus #5039
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 384 AD

...so you should know that these friends were hand-picked by the distinguished consul himself, and that you are the...

symmachus #6038
To Deciusc. 384 AD

I recently sent you news of my good health, and I still haven't received a matching report about yours.

symmachus #7037
To Deciusc. 384 AD

After the customary greeting, I'll pass along the request of Gaetulicus, an agent in rebus [an imperial courier and...

symmachus #7038
To Brothers of Symmachusc. 384 AD

You tempt me with talk of the Campanian coast, but here at our Praenestine estate [near modern Palestrina, in the...

symmachus #7039
To Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 385 AD

I interrupt your busy schedule with my steady stream of letters — partly because I enjoy this kind of exchange...

symmachus #1041
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 385 AD

The philosopher Horus, a man of exceptional life and learning, has long been dear to me.

symmachus #2040
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 385 AD

I congratulate my friend Ignatius: your affection for him has outstripped even my own diligent care.

symmachus #2041
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 385 AD

I am getting ahead of your voluntary generosity with a formal request, so that what you would freely give may appear...

symmachus #2042
To Hilariusc. 385 AD

When I wrote this letter to you, I was confined to my bed by illness -- freed from danger, to be sure, but still...

symmachus #3040
To Hilariusc. 385 AD

The strength of my health is beginning to rally — it is only fair that a steady stream of letters should now be...

symmachus #3041
To Ambrose of Milanc. 385 AD

I'm well. That should always be the opening line of a letter, since it's what the reader most wants to hear.

symmachus #3042
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 385 AD

Our friend Severus has been released from his public troubles and is heading home to enjoy some peace.

symmachus #6040
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 385 AD

My first concern is always to ask how your health stands.

symmachus #6042
To Deciusc. 385 AD

We haven't yet reached the coast at Naples to see the crown jewel of your estate, but everything the Tyrrhenian Sea...

symmachus #7040
To Deciusc. 385 AD

I'm glad you're well. But the idea that the coast at Naples outshines our Formiae -- I suspect that's not really...

symmachus #7041
To Emperor Theodosius Ic. 385 AD

The recommendation I make in this letter is made on the basis of genuine knowledge and genuine judgment, not merely...

symmachus #10040
To Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 386 AD

People are wrong to say Fortune has no judgment.

symmachus #1043
To Ausonius Correctorc. 386 AD

I know this letter will reach you late — either because of the duties that will keep you busy for a while, or...

symmachus #1044
To Vettius Agorius Praetextatusc. 386 AD

I'm doing something that suits both your character and my own inclinations: introducing the finest people to your...

symmachus #1045
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 386 AD

I recommended the son of the distinguished Macedonius to you some time ago, when he first entered your court.

symmachus #2043
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 386 AD

Many people speak well of Sexio's record as former governor of Calabria, and for that reason they've asked me to...

symmachus #2044
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 386 AD

The palatine officials [imperial court staff] accused of wrongdoing, whom Your Excellency ordered brought from...

symmachus #2045
To Siburiusc. 386 AD

It is the mark of your character to give commands that are both pious and just.

symmachus #3043
To Ambrose of Milanc. 386 AD

Once again I'm extending a loan of letters to an honest debtor.

symmachus #3044
To Macedoniusc. 386 AD

You were joking, I think, when you wrote that you'd been frightened by soldiers on the road -- a transparent excuse...

symmachus #7042
To Rome andc. 386 AD

Fortune often upsets the best-laid plans -- and that's exactly what happened to me.

symmachus #7043
To Campaniac. 386 AD

You've been free of public duties for some time -- you should have returned in person rather than soothing your...

symmachus #7044
To Emperor Theodosius Ic. 386 AD

The season at the villa has given me the leisure to reflect on what the office demands and what it gives in return;...

symmachus #10044
To Vettius Agorius Praetextatusc. 387 AD

You've made up for your long silence with a double delivery.

symmachus #1046
To Vettius Agorius Praetextatusc. 387 AD

It's an old saying that talent is nourished by honor.

symmachus #1047
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 387 AD

Those who obtain their wishes by the gods' kindness feel that honoring the source of their blessings in person is a...

symmachus #2046
To Siburiusc. 387 AD

The news from the East has been, to put it gently, unsettling.

symmachus #3045
To Eutropiusc. 387 AD

I count the joys of your fortune among my own debts, and I take you as my judge of this sentiment — you who have...

symmachus #3046
To Neoteriusc. 387 AD

I would say more, if justice needed many prayers to assist it.

symmachus #5046
To Neoteriusc. 387 AD

I should not be a braggart about my devotion to you -- our mutual obligations spring from a genuine sense of duty...

symmachus #5047
To Campaniac. 387 AD

I recently received a letter from Euscius reporting that our charioteers and some stage performers have been put...

symmachus #6045
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 387 AD

We tried to keep the crocodiles -- the ones displayed at the theater show -- alive for your visit.

symmachus #6046
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 387 AD

It's unnecessary work to remind someone who already remembers, but when you've taken on a friend's business, you...

symmachus #6047
To Macedoniusc. 387 AD

What happened to your promises?

symmachus #7045
To Macedoniusc. 387 AD

Friendship was invented so that the exchange of favors might serve mutual benefit.

symmachus #7047
To Vettius Agorius Praetextatusc. 388 AD

You deserve to hear about things that have recently done me credit, given your devoted interest in my affairs.

symmachus #1049
To Vettius Agorius Praetextatusc. 388 AD

Shortly afterward, I had promised to support the son of my friend Trygetius as a candidate for the praetorship...

symmachus #1050
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 388 AD

With the gods' help, we arrived at our destination after a smooth voyage and an easy journey.

symmachus #2048
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 388 AD

On the third day before the Nones of October [October 5], I replied to your letter at first light.

symmachus #2049
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 388 AD

I haven't felt like writing until now — not with the complaints of my various ailments making such a racket, and I...

symmachus #2050
To Ambrose of Milanc. 388 AD

...simply put, the situation demands that the discomfort of being away from home should make you appreciate what you...

symmachus #3048
To Ambrose of Milanc. 388 AD

It is superfluous labor to recommend the conspicuous -- like holding a torch before someone standing in sunlight.

symmachus #3050
To Macedoniusc. 388 AD

This letter survives only in fragmentary form, with the manuscript text too damaged to reconstruct reliably.

symmachus #7048
To Macedoniusc. 388 AD

I can tell that the devoted attention I pay your household is well known to you -- that's why you share good news...

symmachus #7049
To Vettius Agorius Praetextatusc. 389 AD

I was overjoyed to hear that your health has been restored — your well-being is always my highest wish.

symmachus #1051
To Campaniac. 389 AD

Our reasons for not writing are different, but the result is the same.

symmachus #1053
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 389 AD

We'll be setting out for home tomorrow, God willing — which you already knew.

symmachus #2051
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 389 AD

I'd already sent my letter, which I assume has reached you by now.

symmachus #2052
To Ambrose of Milanc. 389 AD

I am staying in Milan for the moment, summoned for the ceremonies of our lord Valentinian's inaugural consulship.

symmachus #3051
To Ambrose of Milanc. 389 AD

The obligations of friendship are not burdens but privileges.

symmachus #3052
To Neoteriusc. 389 AD

You have confirmed my own longstanding judgment about the charm and amenity of the Formian coast [modern Formia,...

symmachus #5052
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 389 AD

The birthday gift you sent -- may our shared happiness keep this tradition alive for many years to come -- lifted my...

symmachus #6051
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 389 AD

I've already used up my writing time with the servant heading back to Campania, but I didn't want your saintly and...

symmachus #6052
To Macedoniusc. 389 AD

We've arrived, but I already regret coming.

symmachus #7050
To Macedoniusc. 389 AD

As I reported in my previous letter, my health was struck down on arrival -- whether by bad water or the change of...

symmachus #7051
To Macedoniusc. 389 AD

I know you both want and expect my letters, since custom dictates that the person setting out should open the exchange.

symmachus #7052
To Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 390 AD
ausonius #1
From Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 390 AD
ausonius #2
To Decimus Magnus Ausoniusc. 390 AD
ausonius #3
To Baiae toc. 390 AD

Good gods, how nothing is safe or certain for us mortals!

symmachus #1054
To Vettius Agorius Praetextatusc. 390 AD

You ask — like a good citizen born for the common welfare — what reliable reports say about the current crisis.

symmachus #1055
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 390 AD

A complaint that demands a duty is itself a gracious thing.

symmachus #2055
To Ricomeremc. 390 AD

I could have borne your silence patiently, knowing your habits, had not the fear of illness made me anxious.

symmachus #3053
To Richomeresc. 390 AD

Someone might think it is merely a formality that the consul of the previous year still owes these obligations.

symmachus #3054
To Richomeresc. 390 AD

Your servant, having carried out your instructions once we reached our destination, shouldn't leave without a...

symmachus #3055
To Neoteriusc. 390 AD

You have opened the door to correspondence late.

symmachus #5053
To Neoteriusc. 390 AD

I delight in the regular frequency of your letters and draw abundant joy from this gift.

symmachus #5054
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 390 AD

I'm perfectly willing to write, but I'd rather save the news for my dear son Sibidius to relay in person at his leisure.

symmachus #6053
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 390 AD

We need to renew our petition for the emperor's visit.

symmachus #6055
To Macedoniusc. 390 AD

I've been writing frequently these past days, but no amount of letters can satisfy the heart of someone who truly cares.

symmachus #7055
To Sextus Claudius Petronius Probusc. 391 AD

For my part, I'm secure enough in our friendship to take it in stride if someone who loves me slips up.

symmachus #1056
To Vettius Agorius Praetextatusc. 391 AD

We'd planned to linger in the countryside a while longer, but news of the homeland's troubles changed our plans.

symmachus #1057
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 391 AD

In hopes of good health, we have chosen a place near the sea, but the winds are still fighting against us and we...

symmachus #2056
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 391 AD

I had resolved to be away from home for a long while and was enjoying a pleasant period of leisure with our friends...

symmachus #2058
To Richomeresc. 391 AD

I have exchanged the leisure of home for a pleasant journey abroad, traveling at the command of our lord Valentinian.

symmachus #3056
To Richomeresc. 391 AD

I testify that my servant Firmus has completed his military service with honor.

symmachus #3057
To Richomeresc. 391 AD

I don't mind writing to Your Excellency often, even though I've received nothing in return.

symmachus #3058
To Sallustiusc. 391 AD

The dinner was a success, or at least it achieved what I intended it to achieve: the two men who needed to meet each...

symmachus #5056
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 391 AD

Please welcome Maximus -- an old friend but a brand-new courier [agens in rebus, an imperial messenger], a man going...

symmachus #6056
To Macedoniusc. 391 AD

Both my devotion to you and my duty to the distinguished Eusebius -- a man who has earned the respect of the best...

symmachus #7057
To Emperor Theodosius Ic. 391 AD

The events at Adrianople have changed the texture of Roman public life in ways that are not yet fully visible; I set...

symmachus #10056
To Emperor Theodosius Ic. 391 AD

The formal obligations of the season are behind me now, and I find myself with an unusual surplus of unobligated...

symmachus #10057
To Sextus Claudius Petronius Probusc. 392 AD

So you boast of your leisure and your hunting.

symmachus #1059
To Sextus Claudius Petronius Probusc. 392 AD

You've given me great comfort in my grief.

symmachus #1060
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 392 AD

I was living at my suburban estate, which lies beside the Appian Way, when your letter was delivered to me by a...

symmachus #2060
To Richomeresc. 392 AD

The sight of your family will certainly fill you with joy.

symmachus #3060
To Paternusc. 392 AD

On the eighth day, after struggling through many difficulties on the road, I finally greeted my home.

symmachus #5058
To Paternusc. 392 AD

It is right to support those who desire honorable things, so that worthy intentions may be aided by the backing of...

symmachus #5059
To Rome andc. 392 AD

Since our dear Sibidius returned to Rome and reported how badly my daughter is suffering physically, my own spirits...

symmachus #6060
To Macedoniusc. 392 AD

The friendships of parents are rightly passed down to their children, so that affection once formed may benefit the...

symmachus #7058
To Macedoniusc. 392 AD

I believe my letter reached you some time ago, explaining that my friend Iucundus, though eager for your judgment,...

symmachus #7059
To Macedoniusc. 392 AD

You've always stood out for the brilliance of your life and learning, but now the congratulations of all good men...

symmachus #7060
To Sextus Claudius Petronius Probusc. 393 AD

I know you're advising me out of genuine love.

symmachus #1061
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 393 AD

I had hoped for the vacant plot of land near Naples that adjoins my property from yours, so that I might build a new...

symmachus #2061
To Richomeresc. 393 AD

...since he earnestly requested it, I gladly lent my effort to his desire, knowing that among those who love me,...

symmachus #3061
To Richomeresc. 393 AD

You haven't replied to my earlier letters either, but it was my duty to write again rather than waste such a...

symmachus #3062
To Richomeresc. 393 AD

Your letters have pushed me to do what I was already longing to do -- to openly seek the friendship I had long been...

symmachus #3063
To Helpidiumc. 393 AD

You have been silent for a long time, but I must not imitate such an example.

symmachus #5061
To Paternusc. 393 AD

You ask how I am and what I am doing.

symmachus #5062
To Paternusc. 393 AD

I hope for your presence -- for you are not in the habit of abandoning your promises.

symmachus #5063
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 393 AD

The situation is, as you will have gathered from the general news, one that calls for caution rather than boldness.

symmachus #6061
To Longinianumc. 393 AD

I feel the affection you think it right to return, but I'm deeply surprised that you suspect my son Flavianus -- who...

symmachus #7061
To Macedoniusc. 393 AD

...may he carry back your lasting affection and a greeting in return.

symmachus #7062
To Celsinus Titianusc. 394 AD

Take heart — be patient with the duty that's been imposed on you.

symmachus #1064
To Celsinus Titianusc. 394 AD

You urge me to cultivate our friendship through frequent correspondence.

symmachus #1065
To Celsinus Titianusc. 394 AD

I know you value people for their character, not their rank.

symmachus #1066
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 394 AD

The preparation for my consulship keeps me busy with joyful and fortunate obligations.

symmachus #2065
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 394 AD

Outstanding merits require no supporting witness, since virtue, conspicuous in its own light, rejects the aid of...

symmachus #2066
To Richomeresc. 394 AD

You are still silent, but my loquacity is not restrained by your example.

symmachus #3064
To Richomeresc. 394 AD

I sensed there was something behind your long abstention from letters.

symmachus #3065
To Paternusc. 394 AD

The management of our estates demands constant attention -- a truth that every landowner learns through hard experience.

symmachus #5065
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 394 AD

Our Senate's delegates have returned after handling everything successfully.

symmachus #6065
To Macedoniusc. 394 AD

Mutual affection makes it natural for me to delegate tasks that serve my interests.

symmachus #7063
To Macedoniusc. 394 AD

...the family's fortunes have grown, and my lord and son Flavianus is enjoying the fruits of private leisure.

symmachus #7064
To Brothers of Symmachusc. 394 AD

The most august senate has appointed my lord and son Attalus as envoy to our lords and emperors, chosen from among...

symmachus #7065
To Celsinus Titianusc. 395 AD

Full of hope since you announced your forthcoming visit, I'm putting the spur to those already hurrying, and I ask...

symmachus #1068
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 395 AD

If friendship always demands that we help each other's affairs with mutual services, how much more attentively...

symmachus #2067
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 395 AD

My written recommendation carries little weight if my friend Leontius is not commended by his own blameless life and...

symmachus #2068
To Paternusc. 395 AD

It is an act full of piety that you spontaneously anticipate a brother's wish.

symmachus #5066
To Olybriusc. 395 AD

The senatorial obligations are drawing our attention to pressing concerns.

symmachus #5067
To Olybriusc. 395 AD

That you collect my letters is a sign of your affection, though I note that you do not seem to be very selective...

symmachus #5068
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 395 AD

I had already sent a letter with my own messenger when Maximus turned up asking for another.

symmachus #6066
To Macedoniusc. 395 AD

I make a point of writing to you often, so it never seems my care for our friendship has cooled.

symmachus #7068
To Celsinus Titianusc. 396 AD

Gelasius, whom I wish well, has taken on the management of an imperial household — a post that brought him some...

symmachus #1072
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 396 AD

Just as I cannot remain silent whenever an occasion invites my pen, so too, when there is no subject for a longer...

symmachus #2070
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 396 AD

It is a duty of human decency to furnish recommendations to those who seek them.

symmachus #2071
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 396 AD

Considering how much affection you are kind enough to show me, I expect that my servant Cyriacus will find a warm...

symmachus #2072
To Limeniusc. 396 AD

The years have a way of making one's position on certain questions more nuanced than it was in youth, and I want to...

symmachus #5071
To Patrvinumc. 396 AD

I know it speaks to our friendship that I involve you in my difficulties.

symmachus #7069
To Macedoniusc. 396 AD

I've grown more confident in my affection for Athanasius, a man of fine qualities, now that I've learned your...

symmachus #7070
To Macedoniusc. 396 AD

This isn't a new request -- it's one you'll recognize.

symmachus #7071
To Celsinus Titianusc. 397 AD

I'd recommend Anysius to you — an admirable man — except that he entered my circle of friends on your introduction...

symmachus #1073
To Celsinus Titianusc. 397 AD

Rufus, the treasurer of the pontifical college, is bringing you the college's formal petition.

symmachus #1074
To Vettius Agorius Praetextatusc. 397 AD

My friend Acutianus could have obtained what he's asking for on his own — he's no less familiar to you than to me.

symmachus #1075
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 397 AD

The most distinguished Honoratus has pleased me above all others for his integrity and his way of life.

symmachus #2073
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 397 AD

The protector Valentinianus, who was some time ago entrusted and commended to you through my good offices under your...

symmachus #2075
To Brothers of Symmachusc. 397 AD

Don't judge my care for you by the length of this letter.

symmachus #7072
To Brothers of Symmachusc. 397 AD

You'll never lead me, by your silence, to follow your example.

symmachus #7073
To Lollianumc. 397 AD

Your letter has kept me in suspense, and I'm anxious to hear encouraging news.

symmachus #7074
To Caecilianusc. 398 AD

My friends Magnus and Magnillus have a petition I've agreed to support.

symmachus #1076
To Hesperiusc. 398 AD

Since the gods have given you the power to be useful to my friends, I'm confident that Romanus — an excellent man...

symmachus #1077
To Hesperiusc. 398 AD

There's something in my daughter Galla's [the text says "Fusgania" — possibly a copyist error] complaints that I'll...

symmachus #1078
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 398 AD

Your love for Domitius is well known and firmly established, which spares me the labor of commending him.

symmachus #2077
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 398 AD

Both the usual and the unusual contributions are being made by you for the production of our games.

symmachus #2078
To Liciniusc. 398 AD

The circumstances of our time test every friendship, and those that survive the test emerge stronger.

symmachus #5076
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 398 AD

We've returned to our home and household gods, only to find a few unpleasant surprises.

symmachus #6075
To Nicomachi, sons of Symmachusc. 398 AD

I'm in agony from kidney pain.

symmachus #6076
To Brothers of Symmachusc. 398 AD

...your delight prompted a letter written in high spirits.

symmachus #7075
To Brothers of Symmachusc. 398 AD

This letter survives only in fragmentary form, with the manuscript text too damaged to reconstruct reliably.

symmachus #7077
To Emperor Theodosius Ic. 398 AD

The grain supply from Africa has been interrupted; I write to report the situation and to request the imperial...

symmachus #10076
To Hesperiusc. 399 AD

It's human nature that people who stammer end up talking more — they keep going out of embarrassment at their own...

symmachus #1079
To Hesperiusc. 399 AD

Here's my second letter, and I still haven't received a reply to the first.

symmachus #1083
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 399 AD

Some men delight in profits and gains; I prefer to spend on what fulfills my desires.

symmachus #2079
To Brothers of Symmachusc. 399 AD

Our son Symmachus, having completed his games as a candidate for office, presents to you the customary quaestorian...

symmachus #2082
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 399 AD

Many people have asked me for letters of introduction, but the merits of some and the importunity of others have...

symmachus #2083
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 399 AD

For a long time now, my lord and brother Alypius has wished to visit the sacred court.

symmachus #2084
To Antoniusc. 400 AD

Whether this letter will find you still at Milan is anyone's guess.

symmachus #1089
To Flavius Syagriusc. 400 AD

I'll never hold back when it comes to pleasing you.

symmachus #1091
To Antoniusc. 400 AD

This entry contains only a manuscript reference number and no letter text.

symmachus #1092
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 400 AD

You judged rightly and commendably that our brother Tatianus, the spectabilis, should be entrusted with the task.

symmachus #2085
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 400 AD

Although the difficulties of communication have increased with distance, I do not allow them to interrupt the...

symmachus #2086
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 400 AD

I feel as though I am traveling with you whenever your vivid narrative describes your comings and goings.

symmachus #2087
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 400 AD

It is the voice of law and justice that a good-faith contract cannot be rescinded.

symmachus #2088
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 400 AD

I take delight both in the honor with which you have now been elevated and in your continuing affection for me.

symmachus #2089
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 400 AD

A short while ago I sent a letter, but I do not begrudge doubling the greeting that is owed to you.

symmachus #2090
To Virius Nicomachus Flavianusc. 400 AD

You are always the bearer of great joys for me, but now what you report has exceeded even my prayers.

symmachus #2091
To Flavius Syagriusc. 401 AD

I'd been wondering, my dear friend, why you'd let the silence drag on so long.

symmachus #1095
To Flavius Syagriusc. 401 AD

Our exchange of friendly letters is a sweet competition, and rightly we've both taken care not to be outdone.

symmachus #1096
To Flavius Syagriusc. 401 AD

This entry contains only a manuscript reference number and no letter text.

symmachus #1098
To Flavius Syagriusc. 401 AD

The effort I've been putting into writing speeches, you've rewarded with the prize of praise.

symmachus #1101
To Flavius Syagriusc. 401 AD

When I'm vouching for a friend to someone who already trusts me, I keep things brief.

symmachus #1104
To Flavius Syagriusc. 401 AD

Late consolation only reopens wounds.

symmachus #1105
To Flavius Syagriusc. 401 AD

...Fortune has seized my hand; she's dragged me back against my will.

symmachus #1107
From Avitus of Viennec. 490 AD

Avitus, bishop, to Faustus and Symmachus, senators of the city of Rome.

avitus vienne #2001
From Ennodius of Paviac. 493 AD

A good commander knows to encourage the proven valor of a soldier who has been tested in battle, so that courage,...

ennodius pavia #4001
From Ennodius of Paviac. 499 AD

[Pope Symmachus (r. 498-514) was a pope whom Ennodius energetically defended during the disputed papal election of...

ennodius pavia #4008
From Ennodius of Paviac. 501 AD

While the apostolic see is graced by the care of Your Holiness's crown, and the heavenly governance of the Church...

ennodius pavia #5010
From Ennodius of Paviac. 511 AD

Although the distinguished Laurentius attends to your cause with the devotion it deserves, I add my own voice — not...

ennodius pavia #4022
From Ennodius of Paviac. 518 AD

A necessary matter of practical importance has prompted this letter.

ennodius pavia #8032
From Ennodius of Paviac. 520 AD

Petition is never ineffective when it reaches a man of justice and compassion.

ennodius pavia #8038
From Pope Gregory the Greatc. 590 AD

My son Boniface the deacon has told me that your Experience had written to say that a monastery built by Labina, a religious lady, is now ready for monks to be settled in it. And indeed I praised your solicitude; but we wish that some other place than that which has been assigned for the purpose should be provided; but with the condition, in vie...

gregory great #1052